Chapter 12 part 1 (made it from chatgpt)

What are the three chief functions of the nervous system?

Monitor, integrate, and respond

What two systems control and adjust other organ systems?

Nervous and endocrine system

What structure makes up the CNS?

Brain and spinal cord

What structure makes up the PNS?

Nerves and ganglia outside the CNS

What does the afferent (sensory) division do?

Carry sensory impulses toward the CNS

What does the efferent (motor) division do?

Carries motor impulses away from the CNS to effectors

What are the effectors of the nervous system?

Muscles and glands

What does the somatic nervous system control?

voluntary skeletal muscle contraction

what does the autonomic nervous system control?

automatic regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

what does somatic mean?

Refers to the outer body

What does visceral mean?

Refers mainly to the inner body

What do general and special refer to?

General = widespread, special = localized

what is proprioception?

sensing body-parts positions and movements

what are the two components of nervous tissue?

neurons and neuroglia (glial cells)

what are the main parts of a neuron?

cell body, dendrites, and axon

what is the neuron cell body also called?

Soma

what does the nucleus contain its cell body for?

The soma contains the nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm

What are the Nissl bodies made of?

Rough ER and free ribosomes

Where are neurons cell bodies generally located?

In the CNS, except neurons cell bodies are in PNS ganglia

what do dendrites do?

receive signals and conduct them toward the cell body

what does an axon do?

conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body

what is the axon hillock?

specialized region connecting the axon’s initial segment to the cell body

what is axoplasm?

cytoplasm of the axon

what are axon collaterals?

Side branches of an axon

What are terminal arborizations?

fine branches at the end of an axon

what is a terminal bouton?

Area where a neuron synapses on another cell

what is the axolemma?

Plasma membrane of an axon

What is a synapse?

Functional junction between neurons or a neuron and another cell

what is the main function of a synapse?

Intercellular communication

What is a vesicular (chemical) synapse?

A synapse involving neurotransmitters