Euglena Cytology

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the anatomical and cytological structures of Euglena, including internal organelles, flagellar ultrastructure, and pellicle anatomy.

Euglena Cytology Diagram

Visual diagram detailing the internal organelles, flagellar ultrastructure, and pellicle architecture of Euglena.

Chloroplast

The photosynthetic organelle (structure 1) in Euglena responsible for capturing light energy to synthesize sugars.

Pellicle

The flexible proteinaceous outer layer (structure 2) underlying the plasma membrane that maintains cell shape while permitting movement.

Paramylon

A unique complex carbohydrate granule (structure 3) utilized by euglenoids for starch-like energy storage.

Phospholipid vesicles

Membrane-bound vesicular compartments (structure 4) involved in transport and storage within the cytoplasm.

Golgi body

A stack of membranous cisternae (structure 5) responsible for modifying, packaging, and sorting macromolecules.

Contractile vacuole

An osmoregulatory organelle (structure 6) that collects and periodically expels excess cellular water.

Photoreceptor

A specialized light-sensitive swelling (structure 7) near the base of the flagellum that mediates phototactic responses.

Cytopharyngeal canal

The narrow tubular duct (structure 8) connecting the reservoir or cytopharynx to the exterior opening.

Cytopharyngeal orifice

The anterior opening (structure 8a) through which the flagellar canal leads to the exterior.

Flagellum (emergent, locomotory)

The long, whip-like external projection (structure 9) extending through the cytopharyngeal canal used for cellular motility.

Stigma

A pigmented red eyespot (structure 10) that shades the photoreceptor to allow directional light perception.

Cytopharynx

The invaginated chamber or gullet (structure 11) located at the anterior end of the cell.

Basal bodies of flagella (non emergent)

The two anchoring centriole-like kinetosomes (structure 12) located at the base of the flagella inside the cell.

Mitochondrion

The double-membrane organelle (structure 13) responsible for cellular respiration and ATP generation.

Endosome

The distinct, central nucleolar structure (structure 14) found within the nucleus of Euglena.

Nucleus

The large, membrane-bound organelle (structure 15) containing the organism's genomic DNA.

Pyrenoid sheathed with paramylon granules

A proteinaceous sub-compartment of the chloroplast (structure 16) involved in carbon fixation, encysted by paramylon carbohydrate caps.

Endoplasmic reticulum

An extensive network of internal membranes (structure 17) involved in protein folding and lipid biosynthesis.

Flagellar membrane

The extension of the plasma membrane (structure 18) that envelops the flagellar axoneme.

Filamentous mat

A dense fibrous layer (structure 19) located within the internal structure of the flagellum.

$9 + 2$ arrangement of microtubules

The classic eukaryotic axonemal ultrastructure (structure 20) consisting of nine peripheral doublet microtubules surrounding two central single microtubules.

Paraflagellar rod

A prominent crystalline or lattice-like protein rod (structure 21) running parallel to the axoneme inside the flagellum.

Fine, flexible hairs

Lateral mastigoneme-like fibrillar hairs (structure 22) projecting along the flagellum.

Tooth

The interlocking, articulated projection (structure 23) along the border of adjacent pellicle strips.

Ridge

The raised, thickened crest (structure 24) on the surface of each individual pellicle strip.

Mucus body

A subpellicular secretory structure (structure 25) that produces and releases mucilage.

Groove

The depressed channel or articulation line (structure 26) running between adjacent overlapping pellicle strips.

Fibrils

Fine proteinaceous structural fibers (structure 27) positioned beneath the pellicle strips that aid in pellicular sliding and movement.

Mucus canal

The tubular conduit (structure 28) carrying secretions from the mucus body outward to the cell surface.

Animal like

Uses flagellum. non rigid cell wall

plant like

chloroplasts, performs photosynthesis