Circulation

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and definitions related to the circulatory system as presented in Chapter 42 of Campbell Biology.

Circulatory System

A system in animals that allows for the exchange of materials between blood and the environment, typically comprising blood, blood vessels, and a heart.

Hemolymph

The fluid used in an open circulatory system, bathing the organs directly and having no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid.

Atria

The upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the body or lungs.

Ventricle

The lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out to the body or lungs.

Double Circulation

A circulatory system where oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood are kept separate, as seen in amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.

Systolic Pressure

The pressure in the arteries during ventricular systole; it is the highest pressure in the arteries.

Diastolic Pressure

The pressure in the arteries during diastole; it is lower than systolic pressure.

Endothelium

The epithelial layer that lines blood vessels and facilitates exchange of materials.

Cardiac Output

The volume of blood pumped into the systemic circulation per minute, dependent on heart rate and stroke volume.

Osmotic Pressure

The pressure that pulls fluid back into the blood capillaries, opposing blood pressure.