anatomy introduction😍

1. How many bones make up the skull?

22 bones.

2. How many cranial bones are there?

8.

3. How many facial bones are there?

14.

4. What are the two main divisions of the skull?

Cranium and facial bones.

5. What is the main function of the cranium?

Protects the brain and provides attachment for head and neck muscles

6. What do the facial bones provide?

Framework for the face, sense organs, teeth, and air/food openings.

7. Name the 8 cranial bones.

Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital, 2 temporal, 2 parietal.

8. Name the 14 facial bones.

2 maxillae, 2 nasal, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2 zygomatic, 2 inferior nasal conchae, mandible, vomer.

⭐️Name these⭐️

⭐️name these⭐️

9. What does the frontal bone form?

The anterior portion of the cranium.

10. Which suture joins the frontal bone to the parietal bones?

Coronal suture.

11. What are major markings of the frontal bone?

Supraorbital margins, anterior cranial fossa, frontal sinuses.

12. Where are the frontal sinuses located?

Internal and lateral to the glabella.

13. What type of sinuses are the frontal sinuses?

Paranasal air sinuses.

14. What does the orbital part of the frontal bone form?

The roof of the orbit.

15. Where does the frontal bone project posteriorly?

To the orbital part, forming the roof of the orbit.

16. What is the superciliary arch?

The bony ridge above the medial part of the orbit.

17. What does the superciliary arch correspond to externally?

The eyebrow ridge.

18. Where is the supraorbital notch/foramen located?

At the junction of the medial 1/3 and lateral 2/3 of the supraorbital margin.

19. How many parietal bones are there?

Two.

20. What do the parietal bones form?

Most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull.

21. What is the coronal suture?

The suture between the frontal and two parietal bones.

22. What is the sagittal suture?

The suture between the right and left parietal bones.

23. What is the lambdoid suture?

The suture between the parietal bones and occipital bone.

24. What is the squamous/squamosal suture?

The suture between the parietal and temporal bones.

25. What does the occipital bone form?

Most of the posterior skull wall and base.

26. What cranial fossa is associated with the occipital bone?

Posterior cranial fossa.

27. What major opening is found in the occipital bone?

Foramen magnum.

28. What structures articulate with the atlas?

Occipital condyles.

29. What canal is found in the occipital bone?

Hypoglossal canal.

30. Where are the temporal bones located?

Inferolaterally in the skull and in the cranial floor.

31. What are the four regions of the temporal bone?

Squamous, tympanic, mastoid, and petrous.

32. What are the major processes of the temporal bone?

Zygomatic, styloid, and mastoid processes.

33. What major fossae are associated with the temporal bone?

Mandibular fossa and middle cranial fossa.

34. What are major openings associated with the temporal bone?

Stylomastoid foramen, jugular foramen, internal and external auditory meatuses, carotid canal.

35. What auditory openings are associated with the temporal bone?

External and internal auditory meatuses.

36. What shape is the sphenoid bone?

Butterfly-shaped.

⭐️Name these⭐️

37. Where is the sphenoid located?

Across the width of the middle cranial fossa.

38. What makes the sphenoid especially important?

Its central wedge articulates with all the other cranial bones.

39. What are the main parts of the sphenoid?

Body, greater wings, lesser wings, and pterygoid processes.

40. What is the sella turcica?

A major marking of the sphenoid.

41. What is located within the hypophyseal fossa?

The pituitary gland.

42. What are the major sphenoid openings?

Optic canals, foramina rotundum, ovale, spinosum, and superior orbital fissure.

43. Where is the ethmoid bone located?

Between the sphenoid and nasal bones.

44. How deep in the skull is the ethmoid bone?

It is the deepest skull bone.

45. What area does the ethmoid form much of?

The area between the nasal cavity and orbits.

46. What are the major markings of the ethmoid?

Cribriform plate, crista galli, perpendicular plate, conchae, and ethmoid sinuses.

47. What bones form the skull vault?

Frontal, two parietals, occipital, greater sphenoid wings, and temporal bones.

48. Which suture is between the frontal and parietal bones?

Coronal.

49. Which suture is between the two parietal bones?

Sagittal.

50. Which suture is between the parietal and occipital bones?

Lambdoid.

51. What is the lateral wall of the vault completed by?

Greater sphenoid wing and squamous temporal bone.

52. What are fontanels?

The soft membranous areas between skull bones in the fetal skull.

53. What is the pterion?

An H-shaped junction of four bones.

54. Which bones meet at the pterion?

Greater sphenoid wing, squamous temporal, frontal, and parietal.

55. What important vessel lies internally near the pterion?

The anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery and vein.

56. What happens to the lateral skull wall inferiorly?

It ends at the infratemporal crest.

57. What connects intracranial dural venous sinuses to extracranial veins?

Emissary veins.

58. Through what do emissary veins pass?

Small foramina.

59. Where do the superior and inferior temporal lines begin?

Anteriorly as a single line from the frontal ridge.

60. What happens to the temporal lines posteriorly?

They diverge.

61. What happens to the superior temporal line posteriorly?

It fades.

62. What happens to the inferior temporal line?

It curves downward and anteriorly toward the root of the zygomatic arch.

63. What bounds the temporal fossa superiorly?

Superior temporal line.

64. What is the external occipital protuberance?

The end of the external occipital crest.

65. Where does the external occipital crest begin?

At the posterior foramen magnum.

66. What line begins at the external occipital protuberance?

Superior nuchal line.

67. Where is the inferior nuchal line?

Just below the superior nuchal line.

68. What forms the sagittal sulcus?

A groove for the superior sagittal sinus.

69. Where does the sagittal sulcus begin?

On the inner frontal surface.

70. Where does the sagittal sulcus run?

Posteriorly to the internal occipital protuberance.

71. What is found lateral to the sagittal sulcus on the inner parietal surface?

Irregular grooves.

72. What produce these irregular grooves?

Branches of middle meningeal blood vessels.

73. Into how many cranial fossae is the endocranial surface divided?

Three.

74. Name the three cranial fossae.

Anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae.

75. What part of the cranial base does the anterior cranial fossa form?

Anterior 1/3.

76. Which brain lobe lies in the anterior cranial fossa?

Frontal lobe.

77. What forms the floor of the anterior cranial fossa?

Orbital parts of frontal bone and lesser sphenoid wings.

78. What else do the orbital parts of the frontal bone and lesser wings form?

The roof of the orbit.

79. What is found medially on each lesser sphenoid wing?

Anterior clinoid process.

80. What separates the orbital parts of the frontal bone?

The cribriform plate of the ethmoid.

81. What bone lies behind the cribriform plate?

Body of sphenoid.

82. What joint is behind the cribriform plate?

Sphenoethmoidal joint.

83. What forms the posterior boundary of the anterior cranial fossa?

Anterior border of the optic groove.

84. What is located in the middle of the cribriform plate?

Crista galli.

85. What attaches to the crista galli?

Anterior edge of the falx cerebri.

86. Where is the foramen caecum located?

In front of the crista galli.

87. What is the foramen caecum usually like?

Blind.

88. What may pass through the foramen caecum?

Vessels connecting nasal veins to the superior sagittal sinus.

89. What is found on each side of the crista galli?

A narrow nasal slit.

90. Where are the anterior and posterior ethmoidal canals?

Between the cribriform plate and orbital frontal bone.

91. What passes through the ethmoidal canals?

Ethmoidal nerves and vessels.

92. What forms the anterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa?

Posterior lesser sphenoid wings and anterior optic groove.

93. What forms the posterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa?

Posterior borders of petrous temporal bones and dorsum sellae.

94. What is the dorsum sellae?

A projection on the endocranial surface of the sphenoid body.

95. What is the central part of the middle cranial fossa like?

Short anteroposteriorly and formed by the sphenoid body.

96. What forms the lateral parts of the middle cranial fossa?

Greater sphenoid wings and petrous/squamous temporal bones.

97. Which brain lobes lie in the middle cranial fossae?

Temporal lobes.