Derrick-Owen, Ellie, period 3, Unit 2 Terms

Standard Anatomical Position-

the agreed-upon reference posture used globally in medicine and biology to describe the human body.

Acromial-

Pertaining to the acromion (point of the shoulder)

Antebrachial-

Pertaining to the forearm

Antecubital-

Pertaining to the area in front of the elbow

Anterior (Ventral)-

Toward the front or belly-side of the body

Anteroposterior-

Passing from the anterior (front) toward the posterior (back) of the body.

Axillary-

Pertaining to the armpit

Bilateral-

Pertaining to two sides

Brachial-

Pertaining to the upper arm

Buccal-

Pertaining to the cheek

Calcaneal-

Pertaining to the heel bone

Carpal-

Pertaining to the wrist

Caudal-

Toward the tailbone

Cephalic-

Pertaining to the head, toward the head

Cephalocaudal-

Pattern of growth and development that proceeds from the head downward to the feet

Cervical-

Pertaining to the neck

Coxal-

Pertaining to the hip

Cranial-

Pertaining to the skull

Crural-

Pertaining to the leg, specifically the shin bone

Cubital-

Pertaining to the elbow

Deep-

More internal, further inside the body, away from the body surface

Digital-

Pertaining to the fingers or toes

Distal-

Situated farther away from the center of the body, the trunk, or the point where a limb attaches to the body

External-

Outer part of the body

Femoral-

Pertaining to the thigh

Fibular-

Refers to the lateral side of the lower leg

Frontal-

Pertaining to the forehead

Genital-

Pertaining to the reproductive organs

Gluteal-

Pertaining to the buttocks

Inferior-

Positioned below or toward the feet

Inguinal-

Pertaining to the groin

Internal-

Inside the body

Lateral-

Farther away from the midline, toward the side of the body

Left

The left-hand side of a person in standard anatomical position

Lumbar-

Pertaining to the low back region and the 5 vertebrae between the chest and sacrum

Mammary-

Pertaining to the breast region

Medial-

Toward the midline, or center, of the body

Mental-

Pertaining to the chin

Metacarpal-

Pertaining to the hand bones

Midline-

An imaginary center line splitting the body into right and left halves

Nasal-

Pertaining to the nose

Occipital-

Pertaining to the back of the head

Olecranal-

Pertaining to the olecranon, or the bony tip/pointy part of the elbow

Oral-

Pertaining to the mouth

Orbital-

Pertaining to the eye or eye socket

Otic-

Pertaining to the ear

Palmar-

Pertaining to the palm of the hand

Parietal-

Pertaining to the outer wall of a body cavity

Patellar-

Pertaining to the kneecap (patella)

Pectoral-

Pertaining to the chest

Perineal-

Pertaining to the perineum (the patch of flesh between the penis or vulva and anus)

Plantar-

Pertaining to the sole or bottom surface of the foot

Popliteal-

Pertaining to the back (hollow) of the knee

Posterior (Dorsal)-

Toward the back or rear side of the body

Posteroanterior-

Passing from the posterior (back) toward the anterior (front) of the body

Prone-

Lying face down with palms downward

Proximal-

Situated nearer to the center of the body, the trunk, or the point where a limb attaches to the body

Pubic-

Refers to the genital region

Right-

The right-hand side of a person in standard anatomical position

Sacral-

Pertaining to the triangular bone at the base of the spine

Scapular-

Pertaining to the scapula, or shoulder blades on the upper back

Sternal-

Pertaining to the sternum (breastbone)

Superficial-

Toward the body surface, closer to the skin

Superior-

Positioned above or higher than another part of the body

Supine-

Lying flat on the back with palms facing upward

Sural-

Relating to or located in the calf

Tarsal-

Pertaining to the ankle

Thoracic-

Pertaining to the chest (thorax)

Umbilical-

Pertains to the naval or belly button

Unilateral-

Pertaining to one side

Vertebral-

Relating to the spine or backbone

Visceral-

Pertaining to the internal organs

Anatomical planes-

the body can be cut into 3 imaginary, flat sections called

Transverse plane (horizontal plane or axial plane)-

Divides the body horizontally into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) portions.

Frontal plane (coronal plane)-

Divides the body vertically into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

Sagittal plane-

divides the body vertically into right and left portions

Midsagittal plane (median sagittal plane)-

cuts straight down the exact middle of the body, creating two halves, the left and right side

Parasagittal plane-

cuts off-center, creating unequal left and right portions

Oblique plane-

Is an imaginary flat surface that cuts through the body or organ at a slanted angle that is neither horizontal nor vertical

Anatomy-

is the study of body structures

Physiology-

is the study of the functions of those structures

Pathophysiology-

is the study of disease

Body cavities-

are spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs and body structures. The two main cavities are the dorsal and ventral cavities

Dorsal cavity-

protects the organs and tissues within the backside of the body. it is divided into two separate cavities: the cranial and spinal cavities

Cranial cavity-

located within the skull and protects the brain

Middle ear cavity-

is an air-filled space carved into the temporal bone, located between the ear drum and inner ear.

Orbital cavity-

is a cone-shaped bony socket in the skull that houses and protects the eye

Nasal cavity-

is an air-filled space behind the nose, divided vertically by the nasal septum

Oral cavity-

is the mouth, bounded by lips, cheeks, palate, and tongue, extending into the pharynx (throat).

Spinal cavity-

is located within the spinal column and protects the spinal cord

Ventral cavity-

protects the organs and tissues within the front side of the body. The ventral cavity is divided into three separate cavities: the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.

Thoracic cavity (chest cavity)

protects the heart, lungs, esophagus, and major blood vessels that run through the chest.

Diaphragm-

is a large muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities; it plays an important role in breathing.

Pleural cavity-

is the space between the outside of the lungs and interior chest wall.

Mediastinum-

the central compartment of the chest, located between the two lungs, and containing the heart, major blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, and nerves.

Pericardial cavity-

is the small, fluid-filled space surrounding the heart.

Pericardium-

a protective sac around the heart where fluid helps reduce friction as the heart beats.

Abdominal cavity-

contains the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas, and parts of the large intestine.

Iliac crests-

form the upper borders of the largest pelvic bone

Pelvic cavity-

contains the urinary bladder, urethra, portions of the large intestine, and reproductive organs