Respiratory System

where does respiration begin

nasal or oral cavity

respiration

movement of oxygen from outside environment into cells, removal of CO2

nasal cavity

airfilled space behind nose, keeps nose moist by creating mucus, cilia filter air that enters

turbinate bones

bony palates that project from walls of the nasal cavity, increase surface area

palate

separates mouth cavity from nasal cavity, breathing, phonation, and swallowing

cilia

hair like structures, sweep out foreign particles

mucus

watery/slippery fluid produced by mucus membranes, filter for irritants, contains neutral antibodies and enzymes that help fight off bacteria and infections

nasal epithelial tissue

covers all internal and external surfaces of the body, lines body cavities and hallow organs, physical barrier, produces mucus

uvula

flesh hanging at back of throat, helps prevent food and liquid from going up nose when swallowed, secretes saliva

what happens to air in the respiratory system

warmed, cleaned, moistened

pharynx

food and air pass through it, contains tonsils

nasal pharynx

separates nasal cavity and pharynx, gives opportunity for O2 gas to get absorbed

oral pharynx

separates oral cavity from pharynx, gives opportunity for O2 to get absorbed

larynx

in throat, contains vocal cords, helps with breathing, swallowing, and speaking

vocal cords

two folds of tissue controlled by muscles in larynx, vibrate as air passes through to produce sound

tonsils

lymph nodes in back of mouth and top of throat, filter of bacteria, viruses, and germs

adenoids

patch of tissue sitting at back of nasal passage, part of lymphatic system, traps harmful bacteria and viruses we swallow or breath in

epiglottis

leaf shaped flap of tissue, prevents food from entering airway

trachea

airway tube that carries oxygenated air to lungs and CO2 out of the lungs

Adams apple

when larynx grows larger during puberty, made by thyroid cartilage

factors affecting pitch

vocal cords tightening or loosening, thickness and length

left lung

two lobes

right lunch

3 lobes

pleura

membrane that folds back on itself to form a two layer pleura sac

outer layer of pleura

parietal pleura, attached to chest wall

inner layer

visceral pleura, attached to lungs

alveoli

tiny air sacs where gas exchange happens through diffusion, wrapped in capillaries

c rings

keep trachea from getting too big or too small

coughing

reflex to remove irritants from upper and lower airways, when mucus, dirt, or dust irritate throat and airways

sneezing

forceful burst through mouth or nose, caused by allergies, infection, irritants

yawning

reflex where you open your mouth and make sound as inhaled and exhale, causes, tired, on drugs

hiccupping

contractions of diaphragm, each contraction causes closure of vocal cords, large meal eaten, acoholic or carbonated drinks, sudden excitement

snoring

vibration of soft palate in mouth while sleeping, causes, overweight, smoking, aging

film of fluid separating pleuras

intrapleural fluid

role of mucus in nostrils

filter irritants, contain enzymes to neutralize antibodies

what protects the lungs

ribs, sternum, and spine

job of respiratory system

exchange gases through inhalation and exhalation

strucuture separating mouth from nose

palate

freshly ball that secretes large amounts of saliva that keep your throat and mouth moist

uvula

what does the diaphragm separate

thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

vital capacity

maximum amount of air a person can forcibly exhale after largest inhale

tital volume

amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing

inspiratory reserve volume

amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after normal inhalation

expiratory reserve volume

amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal exhalation

spirometer

measures how well someones lungs are working - how fast someone can take in air and exhale air

why do we breath

to speed up diffusion

how the lungs/alveoli/capillaries aid the diffusion of respiratory gases

inhaled air is branched to the bronchi, bronchioles, then the alveoli sacs. Surface area allows for CO2 to diffuse into air and O2 into bloodstream

lung pressure during inhalation

decreases

lung pressure after exhalation

increases

lung volume inhalation

increases

lung volume exhalation

decreases

what controls breathing rate

medulla oblongata

where are chemoreceptors located

aorta and common arteries

carbon dioxide dissolved in blood when reacts with water

carbonic acid