"Daisy Bell (Bicycle Built for Two)" (1892)

What is Daisy Bell a celebration of?

Tandem

What was Haryr Darce’s pen name?

Frank Dean

Where did Darce decide to take a voyage to?

The United States

What did Darce take with him to the U.S.?

His bicycle

What inspired Darce’s song A bicycle built for two?

A joke about bringing a tandem and having to pay twice as much

A scholar reports that Darce written what piece before A bicycle built for two?

A donkey-cart built for two

Why did Darce have to change the lyrics from a donkey cart built for two?

He discovered that donkey carts were not a common vehicle in the U.S.

Who turned Daisy Bell into a huge hit?

Katie Lawrence

When did Katie Lawrence turn Daisy Bell into a hit?

1892

Which singer enjoyed success in London with Daisy Bell?

Kate Carney

Which song did Kate Carney experience UK success with?

Sarah or A Donkey Car Built For Two

What is unclear about Kate Carney’s Sarah or A Donkey Cart Built For Two?

If it was the original or a later satire

Who spoofed Daisy Bell?

“Weird Al” Yankovic

When did Yankovic record his version of Daisy Bell?

2014

Why did Yankovic record Daisy Bell?

To support music education in disadvantaged schools

How is Daisy Bell constructed?

Verse chorus form

How long after it was first popularized did Daisy Bell experiece a revival?

Almost 70 years later

How did Daisy Bell expierience a revival?

Programmers used a computer to synthesize speech for the first time

What laboratory systhesized speech?

Bell Laboratories

Where was Bell Laboratories located?

Murray Hill, New Jersey

What did Bell Laboratories use to synthesize the voice?

An IBM 704 computer

Why is it suggested that Bell Labs used the chorus melody from Daisy Bell in their speech synthesis experiment?

Because of the Bell in the songs title

Who was visiting a friend at Bell Labs when the experiment took place?

Arthur C. Clarke

What did the voice synthesis experiment inspire Arthur C. Clarke to do?

Work on the film 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)

How is Daisy Bell referenced in 2001: A Space Odyssey?

The malfunctioning HAL 9000 computer offers to sing Daisy to astronaut Dave Bowman

Where did HAL 9000 learn Daisy Bell?

From its initial programmer Mr. Langley

What makes HAL 900 singing “Daisy, Daisy, give me your answer do” ironic?

HAL’s purpose as a computer is to provide answers to problems

How can viewers tell that the astronaut is succeeding in deactivating HAL 9000?

From the slowing and increasing distortion of HAL’s voice

What effect did the use of Daisy Bell in 1968 have on the song?

Subsequent composers adapted the old song as well

Who created a 2016 arrangement of Daisy Bell?

Hiroshi Tamawari

How does Hiroshi Tamawari open his 2016 arrangement?

A wordless statement of the chorus melody performed monophonically

What timbre does Tamawari use for the opening of the song?

That of the IBM 704

Since Tamawari didnt have access to the IBM 704 what did he employ?

Chipspeech software that emulates synthetic sounds from the past

What happens after the wordless statement of the chorus melody?

The IBM 704 immediately repeats the chorus with a simple accompaniment of pulses on beats 2 and 3

Besides the IBM 704 what does Tamawari use?

A vocorder and Cyber Diva

What does the first verse feature?

A duet of the two voices in unison

What timbre is more prominent in the duet?

The vocoder

Who developed the vocorder?

Bell Labs

When did Bell Labs develop the Vocorder?

1937

What does a vocorder do?

Compress and synthesize the voice of an actual person

What was used to generate the second voice in the first verse?

Virtual singing software Vocaloid4 Cuber Diva

How much newer is the vocaloid software than the IBM 704?

50 years newer

What does Tamawari use for the remaining choruses?

The IBM 704

The IMB 704 uses which words?

The 1961 words

Who sings alone at chorus 1:39?

The IBM 704

When does the IMB 704 sing in unison with the Cyber Diva?

Chorus 2:41

For the chorus at 2:41 how did Tamawari engineer the vocaloud to sound?

Mechanical

Who sings the melody in the final chorus?

The IMB 704

Which of the two is more lyrical in the final chorus?

Cyber Diva

What does the Cyber Diva sing in the final chorus?

The harmony

What device is used to sustain the last syllable?

A fermata

What comes to a halt during the fermata?

The beat

Which performs alone in Verse 2?

The Cyber Diva

In Verse 2 where is vibrato added?

To the final syllable bell

How is the vibrato created?

Through a small oscillation of the voice

What is the effect of the vibrato?

It makes it sound more human

How is the Cyber Diva programmed in Verse 3?

To sound more like a human singing voice

How is the majority of the text in Verse 3 set?

Syllabically

What does syllabically mean?

There is one note per syllable

What does Tamawari employ in Verse 3?

Melismatic text setting?

What does melistmatic text setting mean?

One syllable of the poetry is set to multiple pitches in the melody