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Sphenodontidae
Tuatara (Order: Rhynchocephalia)
No Tympanum // well-developed parietal eye
Diapsid skull (unmodified)
New Zealand
TAXA: Sphenodon punctatus

Infraorder Gekkota
Sticky feet (lamellae) // lick eyeballs // vocalizations
TAXA: Pygopodidae // Eublepharidae // Gekkonidae
(PEG)

Pygopodidae
NO LIMBS
Long snake-like body (vestigial hindflap) // long tail
Australia / New Guinea
external ear

Eublepharidae
Eyelid gekkos **
NO adhesive TOE PADS
TAXA: Coleonyx variegatus // Eublepharis macularius

Coleonyx variegatus
W. banded Gekko
light colored with darker bands
No toe pads
CA // AZ // UT // Mexico

Eublepharis macularius
Leopard Gekko
yellow w/ black spots or bars
BUMPS
NO Toe pads

Gekkonidae
Toe pads (Lamellae)
Global range
LARGE EYES //
TAXA: Hemidactylus // Gekko gekko

Hemidactylus
2 rows of lamellae under toes
Distal CLAW
Tropical areas

Gekko gecko
Gray/ Blue w/ ORANGE DOTS
Robust
Toe pads (lamellae)

Scincidae
SKINKS
smooth scales w/ osteoderms
**Largest lizard fam
small limbs
TAXA: Plestiodon skilonianus // P. multivirgatus // P. laticeps // P. fasciatus // Scincella leteralis // Tribolonotus // Tilique
(4P S TT)

Plestiodon skiltonianus
W. US
Darker w/ stripes along dorsolateral edge
2 more lateral stripes
Blue tail
THICK BROWN central line
skilt = silt brown stripe

Plestiodon multivairgatus
Thin brown/tan stripes
lighter stripes on sides

Plestiodon laticeps
RED head when breeding (males)
large triangular head
lat = flat red

Plestiodon fasciatus
“Y” on head
white stripe splits into 2 on head
5 cream stripes
“fasci - oned into 2 lines”

Scincella lateralis
long slender body w/ tiny legs
2 dark eye stripes down body
long tail
E. US
“Lateral line”

Tribolonotus
Crocodile skink
Triangular head
red ring around eye
SPINES down back
“Croc Tribe”

Tiliqua
BLUE TONGUE skink
BIG
Triangular head
Long BULKY body
small limbs

Xantusidae
Small granular scales
square, horizontal belly scales and on tail
Platelike head scales
little w/ tiny dots
TAXA: Xantusia vigilis
“Xan for the head scales”

Cordylidae
VERY Keeled scales
scales in transverse rings across body
viviparous
spiny
“Cord = rings”

Teiidae
Whiptails
Long pointed snout
scales usually small and granular // Ventral scales - rectangular, transverse rows
forked tongue // parthogenesis
N. and S. America
Well-developed limbs
TAXA: Aspidoscelis tigris // A. neomexicanum // A. sexlineatus // A. velox // Salvator
“4A S”
Aspidoscelis tigris
W. Whiptail
Dorsum w/ STRIPES and DOTS → form a network
black → orange
Tiger network pattern // orange

Aspidoscelis neomexicanus
WAVY mid-dorsal stripe
6-7 other stripes
“wave to the mexicans”

Aspidoscelis sexlineatus
6 light dorsal stripes
light brown stripe down center
S. Eastern - central US
“Brown Sex”

Aspidoscelis velox
FAINT mid-dorsal stripe (if present)
6 stripes
ALL FEMALE
Young- blue tail

Salvator
LARGE → 4 ft
Looks like tigris but BIG

Lacertidae
Old World Teiids (Asia & Africa)
Large scales on venter, granular on dorsum
Long tail // well developed limbs
Brown & colorful species

Rhineuridae
Florida worm lizard
REDUCED or ABSENT LIMBS
Pink
Shovel-shaped head
TAXA: Rhineura floridana // Bipes

Rhineura floridana
Pink worm w/ NO LIMBS

Bipes
Pink worm w/ front limbs
mole-like forelimbs
reduced eyes (burrower)

Helodermatidae
Gila monsters & beaded lizards
VENOMOUS
Beaded scales
TAXA: Heloderma suspectum

Xenosauridae
Knobby lizards
Dorsoventrally flattened
Granular scales
Viviparous
dorsal scales are gathered into knobs (heteromorphic)
TAXA: Xenosaurus

Shinisauridae
looks like Xenosaurus, but interesting ventral
TAXA: Shinisaurus crocodilurus

Anguidae
***Lateral Skin fold***
Osteoderms
many limbless
TAXA: Ophisaurus // Elgaria // Aniella pulchra
Ophisaurus
Glass lizards
Limbless
Lateral skin fold
Eyelids // External ear

Aniella pulchra
lateral skin fold
limbless
SHORT, blunt tail
Yellow venter

Elgaria
Lateral Skin fold
LIMBS

Varanidae
Monitor lizards
Long neck // forked tongue // Developed limbs // Strong claws
TAXA: Varanus // Varanus komodoensis

Chamaeleonidae
Zygodactylous feet
Acrodontia // old World
Laterally flattened bodies
TAXA: Furcifer pardalis // Brookesia // Triceros jacksonii

Furcifer pardalis
Brightly colored
NO horns
“Furc = burst of color”

Trioceros jacksonii
3 horns (males)
Green in basal color
*Invasive in Hawaii, FL and CA
“Tri = 3 horns”

Brookesia
TINY
Cryptic coloration
“Brook is size of a hook”

Agamidae
Crests // frills // spines // colorful
Well-developed limbs
TAXA: Pogona // Clamydosaurus kingii // Moloch horridus // Draco // Agama

Chlamydosaurus kingii
Frilled lizard
folds of skin around neck
long tail

Agama
bright colors
no adornments

Moloch horridus
Thorny Devil
SPIKES!!
Fake head on their shoulders

Pogona
Bearded Dragon
enlarged gular
small spines on beard and dorsolateral line
can puff out beard when threatened

Draco
Flying dragons
extended ribs → wings (patagia)
long tail

Phrynosomatidae
Majority of lizards in US
Flat bodies, SHORT tails
TAXA: Sceloporus magister, S. occidentalis, S. tristichus, S. graciosus, Holbrookia maculata, Cophosaurus texanus, Callisaurus draconoides, Urosaurus ornatus, Uta stansburiana, Phrynosoma hernandesi, Phrynosoma cornutum, P. platyrhinos

Callisaurus draconoides
Zebra tailed lizard (phrynosomatidae)
BANDS on tail
short snout
long legs & toes // long FLAT tail
“calli-drac = taily black”

Holbrookia maculata
2 black bars behind forelimbs
no ear opening
Phrynosomatidae

Urosaurus onatus
2 middorsal rows of keeled scales
colored throat
Phrynosomatidae

Sceloporus graciosus
SINGLE blue throat patch
Keeled dorsal scales
Granular scales on rear thighs (not like occidentalis)
Phrynosomatidae
“graci = granular thighs”

Sceloporus occidentalis
Single blue throat patch
Darker venter
Keeled oranger thighs
“occi = orange keeled thighs”

Sceloporus tristichus
2 blue throat patches
Phrynosomatidae
“tri = di”

Sceloporus magister
Keeled, pointed, overlapping scales
Black wedge pattern on neck
bigger
Phrynosomatidae
“magister = stabiser”

Phrynosoma hernandesi
Heart shaped head // horns
horns have GAP between them
Phrynosomatidae
“ Hern = heart”

Phrynosoma cornutum
Horns
2 larger horns point down, smaller outer horns
light middorsal line
Phrynosomatidae
“ Corn form corner”

Phrynosoma platyrhinos
Longer HORNS
NO gap between horns
Phrynosomatidae
“rhino = larger horns”

Uta stansburiana
Dark blotches behind the forelimbs
small, UNIFORM scales
spots, stripes (look at scales for vs sceloporus)
Phrynosomatidae
“Uta = U-duh blotch”

Cophosaurus texanus
2 black tripes in front of hindlimbs
Tail has striping
No ear opening
Phrynosomatidae
“Copho-tex = dorso crests”

Iguanidae
Highly visible spines
herbivorous // oviparous
TAXA: Dipsosaurus dorsalis // sauromalus ater // Iguana iguana // Brachylophus // Amblyrhynchus cristatus
Amblyrhycus cristatus
Marine iguana
Laterally compressed tail for swimming
salt on snout
Iguanidae

Iguana iguana
Classic green iguana
Large middorsal row of SPINES
large scale below tympanum - sub tympanic shield
dewlap
Iguanidae

Bracylophus
GREEN w/ lighter stripes
short dorsal spines
smaller dewlap
Iguanidae

Dipsosaurus dorsalis
Desert iguana
row of enlarged keeled middorsal scales
LIGHT mid-line
Iguanidae

Sauromalus ater
Chuckwalla
Loose folds of skin
blunt base tail
Iguanidae

Dactyloidae
Anoles
Lamellae on toes
brightly colored dewlaps // Thin body // developed limbs
Triangular head
TAXA: Anolis carolinesns // Anolis

Crotaphytidae
Collard lizards
long legs and tail — fast runners
no enlarged middorsal scales
TAXA: Gambelia wislizenii // Crotaphytus bicinctores // Crotaphytus collaris

Gambelia wislizenii
Leopard lizard
Dark spots on light body
Granular scales
Long round tail
Crotaphytidae

Crotaphytus collaris
E. Collard lizards
collar around neck
bright yellow heads
S.W US (AZ // TX // OK // NM)
Crotaphytidae

Crotaphytus bicinctores
Great Basin collard lizard
collar around neck
great basin region
plainer color
Crotaphytidae

Corytophanidae
Large crests and sail
laterally compressed bodies
TAXA: Basiliscus
