feline + canine leukaemia

How to classify leukaemia

Acute vs chronic

Lymphoid vs myeloid

Which are most dangerous types of leukaemia

Acute lymphoid leukaemia

Acute myeloid leukaemia

ALL + AML haem

High WBCC

Pancytopaenia

Myelodysplastic syndrome meaning

Precursor to acute leukaemia in FeLV

Pancytopaenia + no circulating Neo cells

Acute leukaemia tx

Supportive - blood transfusion, AB, barrier nurse

Multi agent chemo - COP, CHOP

Dog acute lymphoid leukaemia with chemo survival time

120d

Chronic leukaemia def

Neoplastic proliferation of well differentiated cells

Chronic lymphoid leukaemia - def, dx, tx

Proliferation of mature lymphocytes in BM

WBC >30×10^9 / l

Pred/chlorambucil

Chronic myeloid leukaemia - def

Proliferation of mature myeloid cells (neutrophils) in BM

Dx leukaemia

Haematology

Manual smear

Flow cytometry

BM biopsy

Staging leukaemia

Thoracic rx, abd US, cytology liver + spleen

Multiple myeloma - def

Systemic neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells → overproduce ab (IgA, IgG)

Multiple myeloma - Effects

Extramedullary plasmacytoma

Hyperproteinaemia → hyperviscosity syndrome → neuro, retinal detachment, CHF, hypertension, coagulopathy

Cytopaenia → secondary inf

Renal dz

Multiple myeloma - Dx

Haem, biochem, urine = proteinuria, Hyperca, hyperglobulinaemia

Serum protein electrophoresis = monoclonal gammopathy

Imaging - hepsplenmeg, osteloytic bone lesions

Liver, spleen, BM cytology → plasma cells

Multiple myeloma - Criteria for dx in dogs (fulfil 2)

Monoclonal gammopathy

Osteolytic bone lesions

>5% neoplastic plasma cells / >10% BM plasmacytosis

Proteinuria

Multiple myeloma - Criteria for dx in cats (rarely BM involvement )

Plasma cells in visceral organs

Multiple myeloma - tx

Supportive - blood transfusions, plasmaphoresis, AB, stop hyperCa

Prednisolone

Chemo - pred, melphalan

Sx

Multiple myeloma - chemo side effects + how to detect

Myelosupp → regular haem

Multiple myeloma - median survival in dogs with systemic dz

540d