Ap Lit - Poetry vocabulary
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34 Terms
Stanza
A group of lines in a poem, similar to a paragraph
Stanza
“The sun began to rise / And light the empty skies.” These two lines form one stanza.
Couplet
Two consecutive lines of poetry, often rhyming
Couplet
“The stars above were shining bright / They filled the sky with silver light.”
Quatrain
A stanza containing four lines
Quatrain
“The wind blew through the trees / The leaves began to fall / The air carried a breeze / As winter covered all.”
Sonnet
A 14-line poem traditionally following a particular rhyme scheme and meter
Sonnet
Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18, beginning “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Volta
A turn or shift in thought, argument, or emotion
Volta
A poem spends eight lines describing despair, then shifts toward hope.
Enjambment
When a sentence continues onto the next line without a grammatical pause
Enjambment
“I walked along the empty / Streets until the morning came.”
End-stopped line
A line of poetry ending with a grammatical pause, usually punctuation
End-stopped line
“The night was cold and still.”
Caesura
A pause in the middle of a line of poetry
Caesura
“I wanted to speak, but silence filled the room.”
Meter
The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry
Meter
“The SUN / will RISE / aGAIN / toDAY.” This illustrates alternating unstressed and stressed syllables.
Iambic pentameter
A line containing five iambic feet, usually ten syllables with an unstressed-stressed pattern
Iambic pentameter
“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”
Blank verse
Unrhymed iambic pentameter
Blank verse
Much of Macbeth is written in blank verse.
Free verse
Poetry without a consistent rhyme scheme or regular meter
Free verse
“The rain falls / over empty streets / while everyone sleeps.”
Rhyme scheme
The pattern of end rhymes in a poem
Rhyme scheme
“The moon was bright (A) / The sky was blue (B) / I watched the night (A) / And thought of you (B).” = ABAB
Alliteration
Repetition of initial consonant sounds in nearby words
Alliteration
“The silver snake slid silently.”
Assonance
Repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words
Assonance
“The light shined bright in the night.”
Consonance
Repetition of consonant sounds, often within or at the ends of words
Consonance
“The blank and thinking banker.”
Apostrophe
Directly addressing an absent person, abstract idea, or nonhuman thing
Apostrophe
“O Death, why must you follow me?”