Anatomy Test 3

Humerus

the bone of the upper arm.

Six

The scapulae can move in _____ directions and each movement is produced by specific, primary muscles.

Elevation (Scapula)

Upper trapezius levator scapulae

Depression (Scapula)

Lower trapezius

Retraction (Adduction) (Scapula)

Rhomboids middle trapezius

Protraction (abduction) (Scapula)

Serratus anterior

Upward rotation (Scapula)

Upper and middle trapezius

Downward rotation (Scapula)

Rhomboids

Shoulder Joint

glenohumeral joint

Shoulder abduction

Deltoid: all fibers and supraspinatus

Shoulder adduction

Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

Shoulder flexion

Pectoralis major, and anterior fibers of the deltoid

Shoulder extension

Latissimus dorsi, teres major (“little lat”)

Internal shoulder rotation

Subscapularis, Latissimus dorsi, and pectoralis major

External shoulder rotation

Infraspinatus and teres minor

Horizontal abduction (shoulder)

Latissimus dorsi and posterior fibers of deltoid

Horizontal adduction (Shoulder)

Pectoralis major and anterior fibers of deltoid

The elbow joint consists of the

humerus, radius and ulna bones.

The two main actions at the elbow are

flexion and extension.

Distal/ Carpal

The wrist joint consists of the ___ ends of the radius and ulna and the ____ bones of the hand.

The two main actions of the wrist are

flexion and extension

Elbow flexion

Biceps brachii

Elbow extension

Triceps brachii

Wrist flexion

Wrist flexors

Wrist extension

Wrist extensor

Femur/ acetabulum

The hip joint is created between the _____ (thigh bone) and the _____ of the pelvis (socket of the hipbone).

Hip Flexion

Hip flexors: rectus femoris, iliopsoas, sartorius, and tensor fasciae latae

Hip Extension

(Hip Extensors) hamstrings (focus on biceps femoris) and gluteus maximus

Hip Abduction

(Hip Abductors) gluteus medius and minimus

Hip Adduction

Hip Adductors (know them as a group called the hip adductors)

Internal Rotation of the Hip

Because of the anatomical configuration of the hip, there are no true primary internal rotators of the hip. Muscles that play a role in internal rotation when the hip is first flexed to 90 degrees are the tensor fasciae latae, adductors longus and brevis, pectineus and the anterior fibers of gluteus medius and minimus.

External Rotation of the Hip

external rotators (know them as a group called the external hip rotators); focus on piriformis because of its role in sciatica

flexion and extension

The two main actions of the knee are

Distal/talus

The ankle joint consists of the _____ ends of the tibia and fibula and the ____.

Plantarflexion, doriflexion

The main actions of the ankle are __________

The subtalar joint

(articulation between the talus and calcaneus) allows inversion and eversion of the foot

Knee flexion

Knee flexors: hamstrings, focus on biceps femoris

Knee extension

Knee extensors: quadriceps, focus on rectus femoris

Ankle plantarflexion

Plantar flexors: (know them as a group called the plantar flexors); focus on gastrocnemius and soleus

Ankle dorsiflexion

Dorsiflexors: (know them as a group called the dorsiflexors); focus on anterior tibialis

Ankle inversion

Anterior tibialis

Ankle eversion

Fibularis longus and Fibularis brevis

core or trunk

The major muscles that move, support and stabilize your spine are called the muscles of the _____

Trunk flexion

Rectus abdominis (trunk flexors)

Trunk extension

Erector spinae (back extensors)

Trunk rotation (ipsilateral & contralateral)

Internal and external obliques

Lateral trunk flexion

Obliques & 1 side rectus abdominals & erector spinae

Compression of the abdomen

Transverse abdominis