American Expansion, Progressivism, World War I, and the Great Depression

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering American imperialism, Progressive reforms, World War I mobilization, racial dynamics, and the Great Depression and New Deal policies.

In the 1898 Spanish-American War, the United States defeated Spain and gained control over the territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, and __________.

Phillippines

Filipino resistance against U.S. control between 1899 and 1902 was known as the ___________.

Philippine Insurrection

Completed by the United States in 1914, the __________ connected the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and dramatically shortened ocean travel.

Panama Canal

The last monarch of Hawaii, __________, was overthrown in 1893, which helped lead to the U.S. annexation of Hawaii in 1898.

Queen Liliuokalani

Passed in 1916, the __________ established a reserved force for the U.S. Navy and strengthened American military preparedness before World War I.

Naval Reserve Act

Progressive-era muckraker __________ exposed monopolistic practices through an investigation of Standard Oil.

Ida Tarbell

Wealthy businessman __________ built Standard Oil, and his vast wealth became a major example of the problems Progressives wanted government to address.

John D Rockefeller

Founded in 1870, the powerful corporation __________ was broken up by the federal government in 1911.

Standard Oil

Early 20th-century reformer __________ advocated for women's reproductive health and founded organizations that contributed to the modern birth-control movement.

Margaret Sanger

Ratified in 1919 and taking effect in 1920, the __________ prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol.

Eighteenth Amendment

Progressive Era writer and social reformer __________ challenged traditional gender roles by advocating greater educational and economic independence for women.

Charlotte Perkins Gilman

Populist and Progressive politician __________ was well known for advocating for ordinary farmers and workers against corporate elites.

William Jennings Bryan

Prominent defense attorney __________ defended labor activists and represented debates over workers' rights, religion, science, and individual freedom.

Clarence Darrow

Operating from 1917 to 1919, the __________ used mass media and propaganda to build public support for U.S. involvement in World War I.

Committee on Public Information

Journalist __________ led the Committee on Public Information to organize massive pro-war propaganda campaigns.

George Creel

In 1915, a German submarine sank the British passenger ship __________, increasing anti-German sentiment in the United States.

Lusitania

The publication of the 1917 __________, a secret German message proposing an alliance with Mexico against the U.S., pushed the country toward war.

Zimmerman Telegram

The 1919 __________ punished Germany and created the League of Nations, but was rejected by the U.S. Senate.

Treaty of Versailles

Progressive intellectual __________ criticized U.S. intervention in World War I, arguing that war could undermine democratic values and individual freedom.

Randolph Bourne

The post-World War I fear of communism and radicalism from 1919 to 1920 that led to government raids and deportations was known as the __________.

Red Scare

Beginning around 1915, the large movement of African Americans from the rural South to Northern and Western cities was known as the __________.

Great African-American Migration

During the 1920s and 1930s, the __________ was a major explosion of African-American literature, music, art, and culture centered in New York City.

Harlem Renaissance

Passed in 1917, the __________ allowed the federal government to prosecute people accused of interfering with the war effort and restricted anti-war activities.

Espionage Act

The 1918 __________ expanded restrictions on speech critical of the government during World War I, demonstrating tensions over First Amendment rights.

Sedition Act

The murder of __________, an African-American man in the early 20th century, illustrated the racial violence, segregation, and lack of equal protection of the era.

James T. Scott

The common 1920s speculative practice of purchasing stocks with borrowed money was known as __________.

Buying on Margin

The massive stock market crash day of October 29, 1929, that marked the onset of the Great Depression is called __________.

Black Tuesday

During the 1930s, severe drought and massive dust storms across the Great Plains created the environmental crisis known as the __________.

Dust Bowl

In 1932, the group of World War I veterans that marched to Washington, D.C. demanding early payment of promised bonuses was the __________.

Bonus Expeditionary Force

President Roosevelt's initial 1933–1934 programs aimed at relief, recovery, and reform were known as the __________.

First New Deal

Enacted between 1935 and 1938, the __________ focused heavily on protections for workers and social welfare programs like Social Security.

Second New Deal

The 1935 __________ created a lasting federal social safety net by providing retirement support and unemployment assistance.

Social Security Act

President Roosevelt's controversial 1937 proposal to add additional justices to the Supreme Court was known as the __________.

Court Packing Plan

The diverse political base of groups supporting Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Democratic Party during the 1930s was the __________.

New Deal Coalition

The broad acceptance following the 1930s that the federal government should play an active role in protecting the economy and citizens is known as the __________.

New Deal Consensus

Passed in 1933, the __________ separated commercial banking from investment banking and created federal deposit insurance through the FDIC.

Glass-Steagull Act