College Bio Lab Practical Study Guide

true

A student should restrain long hair when working in the lab. true or false

true

A student should wear glasses or goggles in the lab when conducting an experiment. true or false

false

Students can play in the lab if they are careful. true or false

true

A student should not wear contact lens in the lab when working with any chemical. true or false

false

A student should transfer liquids with a mouth pipette. true or false

true

An accident should be reported to the instructor immediately. true or false

false

Eating and drinking are allowed during lab. true or false

true

Students should clean up their work areas before leaving the lab. true or false

true

Students should be familiar with all lab instructions before beginning the experiment. true or false

true

Before leaving the lab, students should dispose of all chemicals and other materials properly. true or false

make observations, ask questions, develop hypothesis, test ideas with experiments, gather and analyze data, draw a conclusion

steps of the scientific method

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory

Define hypothesis

A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data

define theory

when several lines of evidence and multiple observations arrive at the same conclusion

when does a hypothesis become a theory

ok

know the parts and functions of a microscope (ok)

A specimen that is right-side up and facing right on the microscope slide will appear upside-down and facing left when viewed through a microscope, and vice versa. Similarly, if the slide is moved left while looking through the microscope, it will appear to move right, and if moved down, it will seem to move up.

what does the term inverted mean when using the microscope as it relates to moving slides on the stage as well as what an image looks like compared to the real object

field of view decreases since you see less of the specimen

what does the term enlarged mean when using the microscope as it relates to moving slides on the stage as well as what an image looks like compared to the real object

remains in focus after objective lens is changed from low to high power

what does the term parfocal mean when using the microscope as it relates to moving slides on the stage as well as what an image looks like compared to the real object

measures direct clarity or ability to distinguish small but close objects

what does the term resolution mean when using the microscope as it relates to moving slides on the stage as well as what an image looks like compared to the real object

ocular lens x objective lens

formula for total magnification

objective lens is 4x, ocular is 10x, total is 40x - red line

describe scanning objective lens magnification

objective lens is 10x, ocular is 10x, total is 100x, yellow line

describe low power lens magnification

objective lens is 40x, ocular is 10x, total is 400x, blue line

describe high power lens magnification

scanning

which microscope lens is the shortest

high power

which microscope lens is the longest

full specimen image, used for low-magnification applications, allows high-quality, 3D observation of subjects that are normally visible to the naked eye. In life science, this could involve the observation of insects or plant life, picture of the ant

description of stereomicroscope (dissecting microscope)

shines light through a specimen and has two lenses to magnify an image, used to view small samples that can not be identified with the naked eye picture with the little bacteria thing

describe compound light microscope

image looks like detailed parts of a cell, black background, scans a focused electron beam over a surface to create an image. The electrons in the beam interact with the sample, producing various signals that can be used to obtain information about the surface topography and composition. blood cell picture

describe Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

highest resolution, image looks like a cell, detailed but not as clear as SEM, used to view thin specimens (tissue sections, molecules, etc) through which electrons can pass generating a projection image, analogous in many ways to the conventional (compound) light microscope. plant cell picture thing

describe Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

carbohydrate, monomer = monosaccharide, Benedicts solution test (heat test), aqua = negative, green-red=positive

describe the biomolecule sugar

carbohydrate, polymer = starch, monomer = monosaccharide, iodine test, black/purple = positive, amber yellow = negative

describe the biomolecule starch

polymer= triglyceride, monomers = Glycerol and fatty acids, paper stain test, Sudan dye test, positive= soluble, insoluble = negative

describe the biomolecule lipid

polymer= protein, Monomer: amino acid, Biuret test, light blue= negative, light purple = positive

describe the biomolecule protein

dehydration forms water; Hydrolysis breaks down water

How do dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions each relate to water?

negative control

which of the following typically does not react with a tested substance in indicator tests? negative or positive control

acidic

0-6 ph

neutral

7 ph

basic

8-14 ph

similar: cell membrane, genetic material, cytoplasm, ribosomes, require energy; differences: Eukaryotes have a nucleus, are larger, and have organelles. Prokaryotes have DNA on a circular chromosome. Eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes.

describe the similarities and differences between eukaryote and prokaryote

similarities: both are eukaryotic and have organelles;differences: plant cells have larger vacuoles, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Animal cells have centrosomes and centrioles and lysosomes

similarities and differences between plant cell and animal cell

ok

be able to identify the cells in the pictures on the second page (ok)

ok

be able to label the parts of an animal and plant cell and ID the functions of each part most are listed on my other quizlet "College Bio Packets Quiz review (9/8)" (ok)

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

define osmosis

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

define diffusion

hypotonic solution, the pressure that is exerted on the inside of cell walls and that is caused by the movement of water into the cell

define turgor pressure

hypertonic solution, A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall; occurs when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment.

define Plasmolysis

isotonic, limp or wilting

define flaccid

hypotonic; the rupture or destruction of red blood cells.

define hemolysis

hypertonic; when a cell shrinks due to water loss

define Crenate

WATER IN A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution

define hypotonic solution

WATER OUT A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution

define hypertonic solution

WATER IN AND OUT CONSISTENTLY A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution

define isotonic solution

they are soluble in the membrane and can move by diffusion

how do non polar molecules like O2 and CO2 pass through the plasma membrane?

transport proteins through active transport or facilitated diffusion

how do polar molecules pass through the plasma membrane

transport proteins, also through active transport or facilitated diffusion

how do ions pass through the plasma membrane?

aquaporins with osmosis

how does water pass through the plasma membrane

ok

know what red blood cells look like in each solution: isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic (ok)

there was methylene blue (320 daltons) and potassium permanganate (154 daltons) in a petri plate, the potassium permanganate is smaller (154) so it diffuses faster than the larger (320) meth blue

describe what happened in the petri plate experiment based on methylene blue 320 daltons and potassium permanganate 154 daltons

The H2O and the salt are in equilibrium as they diffuse into each other, and they are cloudy because silver nitrate makes things cloudy that contain salt (versus clear w/o salt), the salt has two atoms; if it is clear there is no salt if it is clear there is no salt

predict the data you would collect at the end of the experiment described: experiment - beaker of distilled water with a dialysis membrane filled with 10% saline, test is conducted with silver nitrate

a- sugar and starch pouch was white, while the iodine water beaker was amber

b- the pouch became black, and the iodine water became orange

c-water diffuses faster into the bag, which increases the mass of the bag to have a higher mass. water diffuses in and tries to obtain equilibrium with the sugar and starch

d-larger mass in the bag shows that water entered it

predict the data you would collect at the end of the experiment describes: experiment - beaker of iodine water with a dialysis membrane filled with sugar and starch

a-colors at the start of experiment

b-colors at the end of experiment

c-which way will water move

d-evidence of water movement

organic catalysts that speed up metabolic reactions- speed only one type of reaction, have a specific shape that accommodates their substrate, increase the rate of chemical reactions without being consumed or altered by the reaction, and increase reaction rates without altering the chemical equilibrium between reactants and products.

list the characteristics of enzymes and how they behave

ok

be able to label the enzyme substrate diagram on the third page (ok)

2H2O2 --> 2H2O + O2

catalase is on ---> - ENZYME - not apart of reaction

reactant and substrate is 2H2O2

produces H2O and O2

evidence that reaction occurred is bubbling

label the parts of a catalyzed chemical reaction concerning catalase and hydrogen peroxide

ok

know how to make metric measurements of length, mass, and volume (ok)

ok

know which metric units are used for each type of measurement (ok)

K H DA D C M- King Henry DeadAss Drank Chocolate Milk= kilo, hecto, deka, unit, deci, centi, mili

memorize the metric staircase and use it visually in your head to do conversions