FINALS - Plating 2 (Part 2)

Coverage: Male reproductive system

Seminal vesicles

Prostate gland

Bulbourethral glands

Accessory sex glands of male repro

Epididymis

Vas deferens

Ejaculatory ducts

Urethra

Male repro ducts

Spermatic cord

Scrotum

Penis

Supporting structures of male repro

Testes

Primary reproductive organs / gonads; corresponds to ovaries

Sperm production

Secrete testosterone

Testes function

True

T or F: Testes is suspended outside the body cavity by scrotum

Tunica vasculosa/vaginalis

Tunica albuginea

Coverings of testes

Tunica vasculosa/vaginalis

Innermost covering of testes

Tunica albuginea

Fibrous capsule of testes

Fibrous capsule

Scrotal cavity

Testes structure

Scrotal cavity

Structure of testes lined by tunica vaginalis (parietal and visceral layers)

Testicular artery

Blood supply of testes

Pampiniform plexus / testicular vein

Venous drainage of testes

Lumbar and preaortic lymph nodes

Lymphatic drainage of testes

Seminiferous tubule compartment

Interstitial compartment

Components of lobules of testes

Convoluted part

Straight part

Parts of seminiferous tubule compartment

Straight part

Part of seminiferous tubule compartment that joins to form rete testes

False

T or F: Straight part of seminiferous tubule gives 2 efferent ductules to form epididymis head

Basal

Adluminal

Compartments of epithelial layer of seminiferous tubules

Sertoli cells

Cells that are pyramidal shaped and form blood-testes barrier

Prevents autoimmune destruction of sperm

Function of blood-testes barrier of sertoli cells

Preventing immune attack

Maintain luminal fluid composition

Sertoli cells prevent autoimmune destruction of sperm by?

Secretions makes more motile

Role of epididymis in producing spermatozoa

Stimulate sperm motility

Role of seminal vesicle and prostate gland in producing spermatozoa

Uterus and tubular musculature / sucking effect

Role of female genital tract in producing spermatozoa

Temperature

Seasonal variation

Infectious diseases

Hormonal control

Factors affecting spermatogenesis

32C

Temp for spermatogenesis

Location outside

Evaporative cooling in scrotum

Countercurrent heat exchanger in artery and vein

Mechanisms of temp affecting spermatogenesis

Cryptorchidism

Birth defect where one or both testicles fail to descend in scrotum

Varicocele

Enlargement of the veins within the scrotum

Orchidopexy

Surgical procedure used to move an undescended testicle

Orchiectomy

Surgery for testes removal

True

T or F: Undescended testes is a risk factor for developing testicular cancer

False

T or F: sperm count more in summer than in winter

Mumps

Degeneration of seminiferous tubules

Semen

Fluid ejaculated during orgasm

2-5ml/ejaculate

Volume of semen

Vas deferens

Contributes 10% of semen

Seminal vesicle

Contributes 60% of semen

Prostate gland

Contributes 30% of semen

7.5 / alkaline

pH of semen

Fibrinogen

Help for coagulum of semen

1-2 days

Life span of sperm in vagina

Head

Body

Tail

Parts of epididymis

Epididymis / vas deferens

Route of exit of sperm

Sperm storage and maturation

Nutrition

Provide motility

Function of epididymis

Head

Superior part of epididymis that receives spermatozoa

Body

Distal and inferior part of epididymis

Tail

Part of epididymis that leads to ductus deferens

Vas deferens

Continuation of tail of epididymis

Vasectomy

Surgery for ligating and sectioning vas deferens

Transport sperm to urethra

Sperm storage

Function of vas deferens

True

T or F: Ductus deferens stores sperm

Seminal vesicles

Male repro that provide bulk of semen but does not store sperm

Fructose

Prostaglandins

Substances from seminal vesicles

Produce 60% of alkaline semen

Provide energy for sperm

Function of seminal vesicles

Bulbourethral glands / cowper’s glands

Male repro that is pea-sized, paired, located at base of penis

Secrete mucous and alkaline buffers

Neutralizes acidic conditions of urethra

Function of cowper’s glands

Prostate gland

Largest accessory glands

Inverted cone

Shape of prostate gland

Base

Apex

Anterior

Posterior

2 inferolateral

Surfaces of prostate gland

Produces 1/3 of semen

Includes nutrients and enzymes to activate sperm

Functions of prostate gland

Seminiferous tubules → rete testis → epididymis → vas deferens → ejaculatory duct → prostatic urethra → membranous urethra → spongy urethra

Pathway of sperm

Transport urine and semen

Functions of male urethra

Emission phase

Phase of ejaculation where sperm are emptied into the urethra by sympathetically induced contractions

Expulsion phase

Phase of ejaculation where motor neuron-induced contractions of skeletal muscles at the base of the penis expel the semen

Spermatic cord

Male repro that suspends testes

Ductus deferens

Vessels and nerves

Components of spermatic cord

Internal spermatic fascia

Cremasteric fascia

External spermatic fascia

Coverings of spermatic cord

Pampiniform plexus of spermatic vein

Testicular artery

Vas deferens

Lymphatics

Nerve: Ilioinguinal and genitofemoral

Constituents of spermatic cord

Support and protect testes

Function of scrotum

Skin and underlying superficial fascia

Dartos muscle in dermis

Cremaster muscle

Structure of scrotum

Cremaster muscle

Structure (muscle) of scrotum continuous with abdominal wall muscles

Involuntary contraction / cremasteric reflex

Action of scrotum in response to stroking

Maintain temperature of testes approx 30C

Function of scrotal sac

Testes

Epididymis

Vas deferens

Loose areolar tissue

Components of scrotal sac

Skin

Dartos muscle and fascia

External spermatic fascia

Cremasteric fascia

Internal spermatic fascia

Tunica vaginalis

Tunica albuginea

Layers of scrotum from outer to inner

Cutaneous raphe

Divides scrotum in right and left halves

Left

Side of scrotum that is usually lower because its spermatic cord is longer

Hypospadias

Common anomaly in which urethra opens on the undersurface of penis

Epispadias

Rare condition in which urethra opens on the dorsum of penis Associated with ectopia vesicae

Penis

Male organ of micturition and copulation

Root

Body

Parts of penis

Root

Part of penis fixed to ischial ramus, situated in the superficial perineal pouch

2 crura

1 bulb

Masses of erectile tissue of root of penis

Crura

Mass of erectile tissue of root of penis attached to pubis arch, covered by ischiovaernosus

Bulb

Mass of erectile tissue of root of penis attached to perineal membrane in between crura, covered by bulbospongiosus

Body

Free portion of penis completely enveloped in skin

Glans penis

Penis; terminal part of c. spongiosum expanded

Ventral surface / frenulum

Penis; prepruce is attached to the glans at its ___

True

T or F: There are numerous small preputial or sebaceous glands on corona and neck of penis

Proximal end / corona glandis

Penis; rim-like raised surface at ____

Circular groove / coronal sulcus

Runs along corona glandis and separates it from shaft to penis

Prepuse / foreskin

At the neck, the skin covering penis is folded to form what?

Preputial sac

Penis; space between glans and prepuce

1 corpus spongiosum

2 corpora cavernosa

Root of penis erectile tissue is formed of

Corpus spongiosum

Forward continuation of bulb of penis

Corpus cavernosa

Forward continuation of crura of penis

Glans

Enlargement of corpus spongiosum

Preputial glands

Produce smegma