small vocab words to rmbr

Atrophy

A decrease in muscle size and function that can result from disease, trauma, or loss of nerve supply.

Hemoptysis

Coughing or spitting up blood, often associated with damage to the lungs or air passages.

Ureters

Hollow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

Ecchymosis

Discoloration of the skin caused by bleeding into the surrounding soft tissues; also called bruising.

Closed fracture

A broken bone in which the overlying skin remains intact.

Open fracture

A broken bone associated with an open wound in the overlying skin, increasing the risk of infection and blood loss.

Displaced fracture

A fracture in which the bone moves from its normal position, potentially causing shortening, rotation, or angulation.

Nondisplaced fracture

A fracture in which the bone remains aligned, often appearing as a small crack without obvious deformity.

Comminuted fracture

A fracture in which the bone breaks into more than two fragments.

Epiphyseal fracture

A fracture involving the growth section of a child's bone that may result in abnormal bone growth.

Greenstick fracture

An incomplete fracture that extends only partway through the shaft of a bone, commonly occurring in children.

Incomplete fracture

A fracture that does not extend completely through the bone.

Oblique fracture

A fracture in which the bone breaks diagonally or at an angle across the bone.

Pathologic fracture

A fracture of weakened or diseased bone, often caused by minimal force and associated with osteoporosis, infection, or cancer.

Spiral fracture

A fracture caused by a twisting force that produces a spiral-shaped break in the bone.

Transverse fracture

A fracture that runs straight across the bone, usually caused by a direct, high-energy blow.

Sprain

An injury caused by stretching or tearing of ligaments and the supporting structures of a joint beyond their normal range of motion.

Strain

Stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon, usually caused by excessive stretching or abnormal contraction.

Compartment syndrome

A limb-threatening condition caused by increased pressure from swelling or bleeding inside a muscle compartment, restricting circulation and damaging muscle and nerve tissue.

Convection

The transfer of body heat to circulating air, such as cold wind moving across the skin.

Conduction

The transfer of heat through direct physical contact between the body and another object or substance.

Diving reflex

A response to cold-water submersion that slows the heart rate and reduces the metabolic rate, allowing the body to conserve oxygen.

Decompression sickness

A condition in which nitrogen gas bubbles form in tissues and blood vessels following a decrease in pressure, often after a rapid ascent from a dive; also called the bends.

Laryngospasm

An involuntary spasm of the vocal cords that causes closure of the airway and can interfere with ventilation.

Breath-holding syncope

Loss of consciousness caused by a decreased stimulus to breathe, often when hyperventilation before swimming lowers carbon dioxide levels and delays the urge to breathe.