BIOL 2460 Chapter 1

Microbiology

Study of small organisms, cannot be seen with naked eye

Limited Understand until 1800’s

Miasma Theory, Quarantine & Leprosy in the bible, Roman created sewer system to deal w/ waste

Hippocrates

“Father of Western Medicine” Disease were not caused by supernatural, Hippocratic corpus & Oath.

Thucydides

“Father of Scientific History”, Athenian plague, Early concept of immunity and observed the effects of disease on populations.

Marcus Terentius Varro

Proposed that things we cannot see could cause disease, Res Rusticate, Animalia Minuta and the importance of sanitation and health

Leeuwenhoek

“Father or Microbiology", used magnifying lens to observe “animalcules” in rain drop.

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

Fermentation and spoilage caused by microbes, Pasteurization, Vaccines and the germ theory of disease. Came up with pasteurization. Vaccines

Robert Koch

Established method for connecting pathogens with specific disease, Koch’s postulates, anthrax, cholera, tuberculosis.

Carlous Linnaeus

Developed a new way to categorize plants and animals

Ernst Haeckel

Wrote General Morphology of Organisms, proposing four kingdoms

Robert Whittaker

Proposed adding a fifth kingdom-fungi- to the tree of life.

Woese and Fox

Implemented molecular techniques to classify three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Strains

Can be used to indicate special biochemical features

Prokaryotes

Bacteria, Archaea

Eukaryotes

Algae, Protozoa, Fungi, Helminths

Acellular Microbes

Viruses, Prions

Coccus

Bacillus

Vibrio

Coccobacillus

Spirillum

Spirochete

Archaea

Different evolutionary history, genetic, metabolism, physiology from bacteria, Pseudopeptidoglycan, Extreme enviorments

Protists: Algae

Photosynthetic important in ecosystems and consumer products

Protists: Protozoa

Very diverse: motility via cilia, flagella, pseudopod

Fungi

Multicellular and unicellular (yeast), Chitin cell walls, MOLDS: good and bad

Helminths

Multicellular Parasitic worms, microscopic eggs and larvae

Virusues and Prions

Acellular, require hose to reproduce. Prion: proteinaceous disease-causing agent.

Bacteria

Cellular Structure: Unicellular, Nucleus: Prokaryotic, Cell wall: Peptidoglycan wall (but not all), Photosynthetic: Some but not all

Archaea Table

Cellular Structure: Unicellular, Nucleus: No Prokaryotic, Cell wall: Pseudopeptidoglycan wall, Photosynthetic: No

Algae

Cellular Structure: Unicellular or Multicellular, Nucleus: Yes Eukaryotic, Cell Wall: Cellulose wall, Photosynthetic: YES

Protozoa

Cellular Structure: Unicellular, Nucleus: Yes Eukaryotic, Cell Wall: No Wall, Photosynthetic: NO

Fungi

Cellular Structure: Unicellular and Multicellular, Nucleus: Yes Eukaryotic, Cell Wall: Chitin Wall, Photosynthetic: NO

Helminths

Cellular Structure: Multicellular, Nucleus: Yes Eukaryotic, Cell Wall: No wall, Photosynthetic: No