CH 3-5 QUIZ : Colliding Cultures, Imperial Rivalries, and British North America

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, systems, conflicts, and concepts related to colonial North America, transatlantic trade, slavery, and imperial rivalries.

Columbian Exchange

The transatlantic movement of goods, crops, animals, human populations, communicable diseases, and ideas between the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia following European contact.

Dutch East India Company

A joint-stock company established in 1602 with quasi-governmental powers that helped build the Dutch commercial empire.

Slave Ship Brookes Plan

An influential 1789 print showing the cramped stowage of hundreds of chained enslaved Africans under the Regulated Slave Trade Act of 1788.

Seal of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

An official colonial seal depicting an Indigenous person with a speech scroll reading 'Come over and help us,' expressing the Puritans' declared evangelical justification for colonization.

Taos Pueblo

A multi-storied adobe structure built between 1000 and 1450 AD in present-day New Mexico that served as a base for Popé during the 1680 Pueblo Revolt.

Métis

Individuals of mixed descent born to Native American women and French fur traders in New France.

Patroon System

A Dutch West India Company system that granted large estates to wealthy landlords who paid passage for tenant farmers to work New Netherland land.

Haudenosaunee

An alliance of Five Nations (Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and Mohawk) formed around the message of Deganawidah to establish internal peace and dominate regional trade.

Treaty of Tordesillas

A 1494 agreement mediated by the pope dividing Catholic-claimed New World territory between Spain and Portugal along a meridian line.

Enclosure of the Commons

An English land movement transitioning fields from agriculture to livestock raising, which evicted peasant tenants and created a class of poor, landless workers.

Black Legend

The reputation and literary narrative detailing Spanish cruelty and atrocities against Native peoples, used by rival Protestant nations to justify their own New World colonization.

Middle Passage

The oceanic leg of the transatlantic slave trade journey, carrying captive Africans under horrific shipboard conditions to the Americas.

Navigation Act of 1651

An act passed by Parliament compelling colonial merchants to ship goods directly to England in English ships to bind colonial wealth to the mother country.

Barbados Slave Code of 1661

The first comprehensive legal code in British America classifying enslaved Black people as 'goods and Chattels,' serving as a model for North American slave laws.

King Philip's War

A 1675–1678 conflict between New England colonists and a broad coalition of Native tribes led by Metacom, resulting in massive destruction and ending major Native power in New England.

Pueblo Revolt

A 1680 uprising led by religious leader Popé that killed 400 Spaniards, destroyed Catholic churches, and eradicated Spanish rule from New Mexico for twelve years.

Bacon's Rebellion

A 1676 uprising in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon, uniting frontier settlers, poor whites, and enslaved laborers against Governor Berkeley and the colonial elite.

Gullah and Geechee Cultures

Distinct creole cultures developed by enslaved Black populations on coastal Carolina and Georgia islands, retaining West African traditions in language, music, and basket making.

Great Awakening

A mid-18th-century Protestant revival movement marked by outdoor mass gatherings, emotional preaching by evangelists like George Whitefield, and individual renewal.

Royal Proclamation of 1763

A British decree establishing an Indian Reserve west of the Appalachian Mountains, prohibiting colonial settlement beyond the boundary following Pontiac's War.

Encomienda System

Grants of Native labor authorized by the Spanish Crown to colonizers and religious missions across the Americas.

Wampum

Purple and white shell beads crafted into belts by Algonquian and Iroquoian women, serving as valued ceremonial items, diplomatic records, and currency.

Mourning Wars

Raids conducted by the Haudenosaunee to capture enemies to adopt into matrilineal households and ease the grief of lost loved ones.

Covenant Chain

A series of formal diplomatic alliances formed starting in 1676 between the English colonies and the Haudenosaunee Confederacy.

Headright Policy

A 1618 Virginia Company policy granting 50 acres of land to anyone migrating to Virginia and 50 additional acres for each immigrant whose passage they funded.

City on a Hill

John Winthrop's phrase describing the Massachusetts Bay Colony as an exemplary, godly Puritan community intended to model reform for England.

Jeremiad

A sermon style common among late 17th-century Puritans lamenting New England's moral decline and departure from its founding principles.

Decree of Sanctuary

A 1693 decree issued by the Spanish King granting freedom to enslaved people escaping British colonies who converted to Catholicism and swore loyalty to Spain.

Dominion of New England

An administrative consolidation created by King James II in 1686 that combined New York, New Jersey, and the New England colonies under Governor Sir Edmund Andros.

Walking Purchase

A fraudulent 1737 land agreement in Pennsylvania where proprietors used trained runners to claim 1,200 square miles of Delaware (Lenape) land.

Yamasee War

A 1715 war in South Carolina initiated by Yamasee and allied Native groups against English traders and settlers due to trade grievances and land encroachment.

Quilombos

Free settlements established in Brazil by escaped enslaved Africans and Native Americans.