World History 1 - Quiz 1 (Notes pages 1-16) - Prof. J

2090 BC

Abram (Abraham) enters Canaan

1446 BC

The Exodus from Egypt

612 - 539 BC

Chaldean or Babylonian Empire

605 - 536 BC

Judah's 70-year captivity in Babylon

550 - 331 BC

Persian Empire (began by Cyrus the Great, ended by Alexander)

2000 - 1200 BC

Aegean Age: Minoans, Mycenaeans, Dorians

1150 - 750 BC

Greek "Dark Ages"

750 - 323

Hellenic Age: city-states emerge - encompasses the Greek "Golden Age"

431 - 404 BC

The Peloponnesian War(s)

323 - 27

The Hellenistic Age: "Greek-like" - after Alexander to Augustus

Howard Carter

Discovered King Tut's tomb

Zoroastrianism

Would become the de-facto state religion of Persia (Iran)

Regnal Dating

Based off the reign of kings (Reign-dating)

Mesopotamia literally means:

The "land between the rivers"

- Located in present-day Iraq & Syria

Fertile Crescent Includes:

Mesopotamia, Phoenicia, Palestine

Far East

Designate India and China

Mesopotamia is called (nickname)

The "Cradle of Civilization"

A civilization is defined as:

A culture that has attained a high degree of complexity, characterized by urban life

EARLY MESOPOTAMIAN LIFE

In the following slides

Home - a swampy flood plain

It was subject to irregular flooding

Tigris/Euphrates area was open to:

Invasion & saw constant warfare

Four quick facts:

- There were City-states

- Writing system called cuneiform

- Slavery was widespread

- Religion was polytheism

Sargon I (aka)

Sargon the Great

Sargon I built:

The world's first substantial empire:

- Stretched from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean

Babylon

A city prominent under Hammurabi

Hammurabi

Best known for his law code

EGYPT

To continue our lesson...

The gift of the Nile

- It rose & fell with precision

- Left behind this "Black Silt"

Egyptians had one of the longest-lasting:

Civilizations in history

The Pharaoh was believed to be:

Both a man & a god

(BLASPHEMY!!!)

Pyramids

A burial chamber for the pharaohs

Who was mummified?

At first Pharaohs

Rosetta Stone

Also contained inscriptions in Egyptian hieroglyphics

Egyptians devised the first

Solar calendar

EGYPTIAN HISTORY

YEAHHHHHHHHHH

Old Kingdom Period

The age of pyramids reaches zenith at Giza but the enormous expenditure on pyramids led to its decline

In other words, they spent alla dat monay

The Hyksos

Were overthrown in a national uprising

Hatshepsut

1st female Pharaoh

Amenhotep II

Pharaoh

Akhenaton

Just another Pharoh

Kind of a "meh" dude (he was still a polytheist) but there's no details for him required on the quiz

Tutankhamun

King "Tut" ("It rhymes with butt" - Sherman)

- His tomb escaped looting and was found largely intact

The United Kingdom of Israel's first three kings:

- Saul

- David

- Solomon

The Kingdom was divided - Israel

- 10 Northern tribes identified with Samaria

- Would be conquered by the Assyrians

The Kingdom was divided - Judah

- 2 Southern tribes identified with Jerusalem

- Would be conquered by the Babylonians

Celt

W. European peoples during the Iron Age

Hittites from Asia Minor

- Alleged to be an example of "error" in the Bible

BUT

- Archaeology verified Biblical references

(historians practiced revisionism)

Hittites facts:

- They had iron weapons

- Use of formal treaties

Phoenicians (aka "Canaanites")

Mediterranean's greatest traders, navigators, shipbuilders, & colonizers

- Most popular export: cloth dyed purple

Aramaeans

Dominated camel caravan trade

- Thus, Aramaic became the international language of the Near East

Assyrian

BOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

- A militaristic & cruel people who ruled by terror

- They deported the "ten lost tribes" of Israel

Chaldean (aka "Babylonians")

Joined with the Medes to overthrow the Assyrians

Persians

Location in modern Iran - their empire will be massive

- They had a royal highway

Cyrus the Great

One of the "greatest conquerors in the history of the ancient Near East"

EPIC OF GILGAMESH

Written before Genesis

GREEK WORLD

OOH YEAHHHH

Demagoguery

Selfish, unprincipled appeals to popular passions & prejudices

(appeal to the people, not rationality or morality)

Parthenon

In Athens

Aristocracy

Rule by the "best"

Monarchy

Rule by a monarch, a king or queen, may involve a royal family

Oligarchy

Rule by a few

Republic

Rule by elect leaders

Why are the Greeks important

IDEAS!!!

Greece's area is about the same as:

England or the state of Alabama

Greeks influenced by:

M+M's:

Mountains and Maritime

(Mountains and the sea)

Their few natural resources led to

Colonization

Polis

A major town with its surrounding territory

Minoan civilization

Island of Crete

- Commercialized agriculture appears

- Prosperous trade

Mycenaean civilization

Located at Mycenae (the Greek mainland)

The Greek Dark Ages

Began after the destruction caused by a Dorian invasion

CLASSICAL GREECE

From now oooonnnnnnnnnn!!!!

Persian Wars

Greeks defeated an invading Persian army at Marathon

Athens

- A commercial & sea-faring community

- At times practiced direct democracy

Direct democracy:

Participation by all citizens (c. 10-20% of pop.): men with two Athenian parents

Athenians - Ostracism

- Their freedom had limits

- Dangerous politicians (after a vote) could be exiled/banished for ten years

Athenian life

Demagoguery

(Politicians appealing to ppl, not necessarily rationality or morals)

Sparta

- "Spartans "

- Similar to modern totalitarian states

Spartan helots:

- Salves which outnumbered citizens 10 to 1

- Within the agriculture, craft & domestic settings - Spartans were thus free for "other" pursuits

Sparta was:

Isolated and agricultural

Peloponnesian War

Who would control Greece?

- Athens? No,

- Sparta would prevail

The Olympic Games

- When it began, it was men only

- Called for truces during the games

Philip II

King of Macedonia

Alexander the Great

The son of Philip II

The Hellenistic Age/Period was when:

The Greek culture would be spread eastward

Hellenistic Age - spans c. 300 years from:

The death of Alexander until Ptolemaic Greece was

defeated by Augustus at Actium

Upon Alexander's death:

Empire was divided & given to four officers/generals

The four officers/generals

1. Ptolemaic Kingdom

2. Seleucid Kingdom

3. Antigonid Kingdom

Ptolemaic Kingdom controlled:

Egypt

Seleucid Kingdom controlled:

Persian Empire

Antigonid Kingdom controlled:

Macedonia

There was a move in Greek beliefs/traditions:

From mythology to philosophy

Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle led:

A countermovement grounded upon the notion that truth is real and discoverable

Epicureans

Believed the finest pleasures are intellectual

Stoics

Believed the universe is controlled by "something"

Cleisthenes

The founder of Athenian democracy

Pericles

A statesman who dominated Athens during its "Golden Age"

Protagoras

A famous Sophist

- "man is the measure of all things"

Socrates

- Taught by asking probing and penetrating questions

- Counseled "know yourself" and "the unexamined life is not worth living"

He was sentenced to death

He drank hemlock (poison)

Plato

- Founded the Academy in Athens to train the ruling class (my guy invented school 💪)

- "Theory of Forms"

Aristotle

A pupil of Plato & tutor to Alexander the Great