geo urban environments

urban environments 1,2,3,4

site

site

settlement

situation

range

threshold

low order goods

high order goods

sphere of influence

conurbation

millionaire city

megacity

metacity

megalopolis

bid rent

central shopping area

shopping parage

retail park

superstore

positive segregation

negative segregation

edge city

dual economy

bazaar economy

street economy

vertical zoning

urbanization

1. An increase in the proportion people living in urban areas

2. Caused by rural to urban migration, higher rates of natural increase in urban areas, or reclassification of rural areas as urban areas, as for example with urban sprawl

3. Many rich companies, process of urbanization is almost at an end and proportion of urban dwellers is beginning to fall→ follows s shaped curve and seems to have tailed off at 80%

4. For many HICs, there appears to be a cycle of urbanization, suburbanization, counter- urbanization, and re-urbanization. 
   

push factors

pull factors

browfield sites

suburbanization

Outward growth of towns and cities to engulf surrounding villages and rural areas

counter urbanization

urban sprawl

deindustrialization

deinvestment

outflow

contested land

urban deprivation

resilient city

eco city

smart city

urban ecological footprint

gentrification