AP World History: Unit 3 Vocabulary

1453

The year Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Empire

Devshirme

“Tak”/tribute on Christian boys from the Balkans

Janissaries

Elite, gunpowder troops of the Ottoman Empire, Unique because of their slave origins

Tax Farmers

Bureautic elites who collected taxes for the central government; many became rich by taking some of this money for themselves

Millets

Organization of minority faiths that could choose religious leaders and follow religious laws

Shah Abbas

Safavid leader who modernized the empire and encouraged trade

Battle of Chaldiran

Rivalry with Ottomans due to religious differences, competition for trade and territory, Ottoman janissaries crushed the Safavids, deepened the Sunni and Shi’a split within Islam

Akbar

leader of the Mughal Empire, had religious tolerance, and united Muslim and Hindu subjects under his rule

Sikhism

Developed in India during Mughal Empire, influenced by Hinduism and Islamic Sufism

Taj Mahal

Built by Shah Jahan, combination of Islamic geometry and Hindu oramentation

Zamindars

Part of the Mughal Empire, bureaucratic elites who collected taxes; appointed by the emperor

Indugences

Sold by the Catholic Church as absolution from punishment

95 Theses

Posted by Martin Luther, his complaints that challenged the Catholic Church

Predestination

Belief by Calvinists that only the elect go to heaven, determined by God

Huguenots

French Protestants

Act of Supremacy

Passed by the British Parliament, made the king the political leader and the head of the Church of England

Spanish Armada

Spanish naval fleet that attempted an sea invasion of England in 1588

Counter-Reformation

Actions taken by the Catholic Church in response to the protestant reformation

Inquisition

In Spain, acts taken by the monarchy to root out unbelievers and punish them

Jesuits

Founded by the Ignatius of Loyola'; well educated Catholic priests who wanted to stop the spread of Protestantism

Council of Trent

Meeting of Catholic Church officials prohibited indulgences; reaffirmed all other teachings

Peace of Westphalia

Treaty that ended the Thirty Years’ War

Louis XIV

Revoked the Edict of Nantes which had granted religious freedom

Intendents

(or tax farmers) in France to carry out government orders and collect taxes

Versailles Palace

Symbol of power and westernized Russia

Boyars

Russian nobility

Westernization

Process of modeling political and cultural development after western Europe

Forbidden City

Ming Imperial palace in Beijing, China

Zheng He

Sent out under the Ming to establish tributary relationships throughout the Indian Ocean. He had the largest ships in the world and undertook 7 voyages - reveals Chinese excellence in navigation and technology

Manchus

Conquered China and created the Qing Dynasty

Peter the Great

Consolidated power and westernized Russia