1.5 Sleep AP Psych DMontini

consciousness

The state of being aware of and able to perceive one's thoughts, feelings, sensations, and surroundings. It involves various levels, from alert wakefulness to altered states such as sleep or meditation.

circadian rhythm

The natural, internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and repeats roughly every 24 hours. It influences patterns of alertness, hormone release, body temperature, and other physiological processes.

jet lag

A temporary disruption of the body's circadian rhythm due to rapid travel across multiple time zones. It can result in fatigue, sleep disturbances, and difficulty concentrating as the body adjusts to the new time zone.

shift work

Employment schedules that require working outside of typical daytime hours, often disrupting the body's natural circadian rhythm. It can lead to sleep disturbances, fatigue, and increased risk of health problems due to the mismatch between work hours and the body's internal clock.

NREM stage 1

The first stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep characterized by drifting in and out of sleep, lasting only a few minutes..

hypnagogic sensations

life-like hallucinations that occur shortly after falling asleep; usually sensation of falling or floating

NREM stage 2

The second stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep characterized by light sleep, lasting about 20 minutes

NREM Stage 3

The deepest stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep characterized by the presence of predominantly delta waves

REM Sleep

A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreams, and muscle paralysis.

REM rebound

The phenomenon where the body increases the time spent in REM sleep after a period of REM deprivation.

Activation-synthesis

A theory proposing that dreams are the result of random neural activity in the brainstem during REM sleep, which is then interpreted and synthesized by the cerebral cortex into a narrative or story.

Consolidation theory

A theory suggesting that dreams play a role in the memory consolidation and processing of memories. During sleep, the brain organizes and integrates information acquired throughout the day, contributing to memory storage and learning.

memory consolidation

During sleep, the brain organizes and integrates information acquired throughout the day, contributing to memory storage and learning.

restoration of resources

The theory that sleep helps to restore physical and mental resources depleted during wakefulness.

insomnia

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or experiencing restorative sleep, leading to daytime impairment such as fatigue, mood disturbances, and decreased cognitive function.

narcolepsy

A sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden episodes of muscle weakness (cataplexy), sleep paralysis, and hallucinations during sleep onset or awakening.

REM sleep behavior disorder

A sleep disorder where individuals physically act out their dreams during REM sleep, potentially causing injury to themselves or others due to loss of muscle paralysis.

Sleep apnea

A sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or shallow breathing during sleep, leading to disrupted sleep patterns, daytime fatigue, and other health problems.

somnambulism

A sleep disorder commonly known as sleepwalking, characterized by walking or performing other activities while still asleep. It typically occurs during non-REM sleep stages and can result in injuries or accidents.