parasitology practical

Identify:

Genus:

Conditions/Diseases:

Vectors:

Leishmania 

Genus: Leishmania

Conditions/ Diseases: Leishmaniasis- Multiple species of this genus cause a complex of diseases and fare grouped according to the lesion types (cutaneous,

mucocutaneous, or visceral) they cause

• VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS: L.DONOVANI (“KALA-AZAR”)

  • Recurrent fever

  • Loss of appetite

  • Weakness

  • Spleen enlargement

  • Anemia

Vectors: Transmitted by blood-feeding sand flies (Phlebotomus spp.)

Identify:

Genus:

Conditions/Diseases:

Vectors:

Trypanosoma

Genus: Trypanosoma

 Vectors: tsetse flies and kissing bugs

      Conditions/ Diseases: (2)-African Sleeping Sickness and Chagas Disease

• African sleeping sickness

  • T. brucie gambiense

  • Fever

  • Headaches

  • Joint pain

  • Swollen lymph nodes

  • Confusion 

  • Personality changes

  • Sever circadian rhythm disruption 

• Chagas Disease

  • Trypanosoma cruzi

  • Transmitted by kissing bugs 

  • Fever

  •  Fatigue

  • body aches

  •  rash, enlarged lymph nodes

  • Enlarged heart

  • Heart failure 

  • Enlargement of the esophagus or colon causing severe swallowing or bowel difficulties

Genus:

Conditions/Diseases:

Vectors:

Plasmodium

Genus: Plasmodium

Conditions/ Diseases: Malaria- 

• cyclic attacks of shaking chills

•  high fever and sweating

• Headaches

•  Fatigue

•  muscle/joint pains

• Nausea

• Vomiting

• dizziness

• Severe anemia

•  Jaundice

•  enlarged spleen or liver

•  kidney failure

• Confusion

• seizures or cerebral malaria

Vectors: mosquitoes 

they just look like darker stained spots among the blood cells

Genus:

Conditions/Diseases:

Vectors:

Giardia

Genus: Giardia

Conditions/ Diseases: Giardiasis

• Diarrhea 

• Stomach cramps

• Nausea

• fatigue

Vectors: contaminated water- fecal oral route

Identify:

Genus:

Conditions/Diseases:

Vectors:

Entanomoeba

Genus: Entamoeba

Conditions/ Diseases:

• Entamoeba histolytica- amebic dysentery

  •  bloody diarrhea

  •  stomach cramping 

  • Fever 

  • Nausea 

  • Fatigue

  •  Vomiting

• Entamoeba Ginigivalis

  • Swollen, puffy, or enlarged gums

  • Discolored gums

  • Gums that bleed easily when brushing or flossing

  • Tenderness or pain in the gums when touched or while eating

  • Persistent bad breath (halitosis)

  • Pyorrhoea or severe tissue destruction

Vectors: fecal-oral route

Phylum:

Class:

Basic Body Structures:

Taenia-tapeworms

Phylum: Platyhelminthes

Class: Cestoda

Basic body structures: 

• Scolex: The "head" or anterior anchoring organ. Look for circular suckers and, a ring of hooks used to attach to the host's intestinal wall.

• Neck: The short, unsegmented, and narrow region directly behind the scolex. This is the growth zone where new body segments are actively generated.

• Proglottids: The individual, repeating segments that make up the rest of the worm's body (collectively called the strobila).

Phylum:

Class:

• Fasciola

  Phylum: Platyhelminthes

  Class: Trematodes

  
  
  

Phylum:

Class:

Clonorchis

Phylum: Platyhelminthes

Class: Trematodes

Phylum:

Class:

Basic Body Structures:

Diphyllobothrium

Phylum: Platyhelminthes

Class: Cestoda

Basic Body Structures:

• Scolex: The "head" or anterior attachment organ. It features hooks, suckers, or slit-like grooves used to anchor the worm to the host's intestinal wall.

• Neck: The narrow, unsegmented region directly behind the scolex. 

• Proglottids: The individual segments making up the rest of the body.

Phylum:

Class:

Basic Body Structures:

Hymenolepis

Phylum: Platyhelminthes

Class: Cestoda

Basic Body Structures:

• Scolex:The scolex is the anterior-most anchoring organ used by the worm to attach to the host's intestinal mucosa.Features a "tetrad" of four muscular suckers. It also features a retractable snout called a rostellum.

• Neck: The neck is the short, narrow, and unsegmented region directly behind the scolex

• Proglottids: The individual segments making up the rest of the body.

Phylum:

Genus:

Nematoda

Trichinella

• Often shown as larvae tightly coiled or encysted within skeletal muscle tissue ("nurse cells").

Phylum:

Genus:

• Nematoda

• Enterobius

  • Common Name: Pinworm. Often recognized by a clear, sharply pointed tail on the slide.

Phylum:

Genus:

Latin binomial:

• Ascaris lumbricoides

  • Identification Level: Must know the full species name: Ascaris lumbricoides.

  • Visual Key: This is the large, whole specimen roundworm you dissected in lab. Look for a distinct, smooth, cylindrical body.

Phylum:

Genus:

Nematoda

Necator and Ancylostoma are hematophagous hookworms with a curved anterior end that feed on blood. Look for a distinct "hooked" anterior end with cutting plates or teeth under the microscope.

Order:

Class:

Group:

Order: Acari 

Class: Arachnida

Group: Hard Ticks Ixodidae

Order:

Class:

Group:

Common name:

Order: Acari 

Class: Arachnida

Soft Ticks Argasidae

Order:

Class:

Common name:

Mites

Order: Acari 

Class: Arachnida

Order:

Latin binomial:

Common Name:

Mites

Order: Acari 

Name: Demodex folliculorum

Common Name:

Class:

Order:

Common Name: Fleas

Class: Insecta

Order: Siphonaptera

Common name:

Class:

Order:

Latin binomial:

Common name: Bed Bugs

Class: Insecta 

Order:Hemiptera

Latin binomial: Cimex lectularis

Common Name: 

Class:

Order:

Family:

Common Name: Assassin Bugs

Class: Insecta

Order: Hemiptera

Family: Reduviidae

Name:

Class:

Order: 

Genus:

Tsetse fly (Glossina)

Class: Insecta

Order:  Diptera

Genus: Glossina