BIOL 1033 Exam 1 BRCC (Hackney)

Atom

smallest part of an element with all its chemical properties.

Molecule

made of atoms bonded to each other.

Cell

unit of structure and function of living things.

Tissue

same type of cells working together to do a job.

Organ

many tissues that together perform a job.

Organ System

many organs working together to do a job.

Organism

a living thing (unicellular:1 cell; multicellular: many cells).

Population

a group of organisms of same species in same area at same time.

Community

a group of populations of different species in same area at same time.

Ecosystem

a community of organisms with their physical environment.

Biosphere

all places on earth where organisms live.

Biosphere:

all places on the earth where living organisms exist in air, water and on land.

Organism:

a shark.

Neuron:

a single nerve cell.

Nervous tissue:

a group of nerve cell working together to send a signal.

Organ:

stomach made of different tissues.

Organ system:

a group of organs that work together. (Digestive system)

Population:

a group of rabbits living together in Australia.

Community:

all life forms in a coral reef.

Ecosystem:

all forms in coral reef (coral, algae, fish, seaweed) and physical factors (water, soil, rocks, etc.)

Atom:

Unit of Oxygen.

Molecule:

2 hydrogen atoms bonded to 1 oxygen atom will form a water.

Vertical descent

involve parents passing on their genes to off spring.

Horizontal gene transfer

Involves transfer of genes from 1 organism to another organism that is not offspring.

Bacteria & Arcaea are domains of

a prokaryote cell.

Eukaryotes are larger than a prokaryote cell.

True

Theory

a broad explanation for natural phenomena backed by a large amount of evidence.

Hypothesis

a testable prediction, often implied by a theory

Atomic Number and Protons

are equal.

Protons + Neutrons =

Atomic Mass

Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons .

Nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing of electrons.

Ion

a charged atom that has either gained or lost an electron.

Ionic Bond

forms between ions that are oppositely charged.

Enzymes are proteins.

True.

Solvent

dissolves a substance.

Solute

the dissolved substance.

Solvent & solutes form a

solution.

Hydrophilic

attracted to water.

Hydrophobic

repelled by water.

Motor Protein

movement of cell or within cell movement.

Metabolic Enzymes

speeds up rate of chemical reactions.

Defense Proteins

protects from disease. (Antibodies)

Structural Protein

support and strengthen structure.

Transport protein

move solutes cross membranes.

Cell-signal Protein

cell communication.

R groups may be:

a. Non polar and hydrophobic.

b. Polar and hydrophilic.

c. Electrically charged: acidic]/basic and hydrophilic.

Peptide Bond

bond between amino acids.

Nucleus:

makes ribosomes.

Ribosomes:

make proteins.

Mitochondria:

releases energy by cell respiration.

Chloroplast:

makes carbohydrates (glucose).

Lysosome:

digests food, recycles old organelles, destroys microbes.

Golgi apparatus:

a. modifies, transports, and packages proteins in transport vesicles.

b. receives proteins from the ER and repackages substances in transport vehicles for export or use in the cell.

Plasma membrane:

encloses the cell but allows some substances to enter or leave.

Cell wall:

rigid protection around a plant cell.

Cytoplasm:

liquid part of cell that surrounds organelles.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

the network of tubes that connect to nuclear envelop.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

has ribosomes that make proteins that go into ER.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

has no ribosomes, so proteins come from rough ER.

Lysosomes

single membrane organelle with digestive enzymes & acidic pH.

Contractile Vacuole

gets rid of excess water for a protist.