Unit 3 Cellular organization and organelles

What is the basic structural and functional unit of the body?

The Cell

What are the principal parts of the cell?

Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus

What is the function of the cell membrane?

It acts as a boundary between the inside and outside of a cell.

What is the composition of the cell membrane?

Phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, membrane proteins, and membrane carbohydrates.

What do the phosphate head groups of phospholipids represent?

They are hydrophilic (water-attracting).

What do the fatty acid tails of phospholipids represent?

They are hydrophobic (water-repelling).

What is Intracellular Fluid (ICF)?

Fluid within the cell.

What is Extracellular Fluid (ECF)?

Fluid outside the cell.

What are the two types of membrane proteins?

Integral proteins and peripheral proteins.

Function of membrane proteins

Enzymes, transporters, channels, receptors, anchors, identity markers

What is the function of membrane carbohydrates?

They are involved in cell recognition and anchoring cells together.

What are microvilli?

Small projections of the cell membrane that increase surface area.

What is the cytoplasm?

The area between the inside of the cell membrane and the outside of the nucleus.

What are the two divisions of cytoplasm?

Cytosol and organelles.

What is cytosol?

The gel-like intracellular fluid containing water, ions, and a suspension of biomolecules.

What are organelles?

Structures that perform specific functions essential for life.

What are ribosomes?

Sites for protein synthesis containing rRNA and proteins.

What is the function of centrosomes?

Organizing centers for microtubules and spindle apparatus for cell division.

What are the three types of cytoskeletal elements?

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

What are micro filaments made of

Actin

What is the function of mitochondria?

Site of ATP synthesis.

What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?

Rough ER (synthesizes proteins) and Smooth ER (synthesizes lipids).

What is the Golgi Apparatus?

Stacks of membrane discs that modify, sort, and package proteins.

What are lysosomes?

Organelles filled with digestive enzymes that digest bacteria and worn-out organelles.

What is the nucleus?

The largest membranous organelle and cell control center.

What is the nuclear envelope?

A double membrane with nuclear pores that connects to the ER.

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Region where ribosomes are made and assembled.

What are chromosomes?

Structures containing DNA and histone proteins, visible during cell division.

Where are Free ribosomes

Float in cytosol

Where do free ribosomes proteins go to

Go to cytosol, mitochondria, and or nucleus

Where is attached ribosomes

Attached to endoplasmic reticulum, making rough er

Where do attached ribosomes go to

Proteins destined for all other locations