Structure and Properties of Graphite

Vocabulary flashcards covering the structure, bonding, and physical properties of graphite and diamond.

Diamond

A giant covalent molecule formed from the element carbon in which each carbon atom forms covalent bonds to four other carbon atoms, making it very hard and unable to conduct electricity.

Graphite

A form of carbon and a giant covalent molecule where each carbon atom forms covalent bonds to three other carbon atoms, arranged in hexagonal layers with delocalized electrons.

Hexagonal rings

Rings composed of six carbon atoms that are arranged into layers within the structure of graphite.

Graphite layers

Arrangements of hexagonal carbon rings that have no covalent bonds between them, allowing them to slide over each other and making graphite soft and slippery.

Lubricant

A substance used in machines to reduce friction between moving parts, which is a common application of graphite due to its soft and slippery properties.

Delocalized electrons

Electrons released from the outer energy level of carbon atoms (one per atom in graphite) that are not involved in covalent bonds and are free to move.

Thermal energy

Heat energy that graphite can conduct due to the movement of free, delocalized electrons throughout its structure.