Skin, Nail, Hair Conditions

Vitiligo

is a long-term skin condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment. The patches of skin affected become white and usually have sharp margins. The hair from the skin may also become white. The inside of the mouth and nose may also be involved

Petechiae

are tiny, round 1–3 mm spots of bleeding under the skin that appear red, purple, or brown.

Eczematous dermatitis

Most common inflammatory skin disorder.

What are the 3 types of eczematous dermatitis?

Irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis.

Irritant contact dermatitis

Skin inflammation caused by direct irritation to the skin.

Allergic contact dermatitis

Skin inflammation caused by an allergic reaction to something touching the skin.

Atopic dermatitis

Chronic inflammatory skin condition; commonly called eczema.

Folliculitis

Inflammation and infection of a hair follicle and surrounding dermis.

Furuncle (boil)

Deep-seated infection of the pilosebaceous unit

Cellulitis

serious bacterial skin infection that affects the deeper layers of the skin and underlying tissues, acute

Tinea (dermatophytosis)

group of noncandial fungal infections that involve the strateum corneum, nails, or hair

Psoriasis

A chronic disease that keeps coming back because keratinocytes are growing and multiplying too quickly

Rosacea

Chronic inflammatory skin disorder

Herpes zoster (shingles)

varicella-zoster viral infection

Herpex Simplex Type 1

associated with oral infection

Herpex Simplex Type 2

associated with genital infection

Tick-borne diseases that can lead to multisystemic failure

Lyme disease

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Colorado Tick Fever

Alopecia areata

Sudden, rapid, coin-shaped loss of hair, usually from the scalp or face

Scarring alopecia

Replacement of hair follicles with scar tissue

Traction alopecia

Hair loss that is the result of prolonged, tightly pulled hairstyles

Hirsutism

Growth of terminal hair in women in the male distribution pattern on the face, body, and pubic areas

Paronychia

Inflammation of the paronychium

Onychomycosis

Fungal infection of the nails

Ingrown nails

Nail pierces lateral nail fold; grows into the dermis

Nail avulsion

part or all of a nail is torn away or removed from the nail bed.

Subungual hematoma

trauma to the nail plate severe enough to cause immediate bleeding and pain

Onycholysis

Loosening of the nail plate from the nail bed that begins at the distal groove

Nail Clubbing

is a change in the structure of fingernails or

toenails in which the finger and nail takes on the appearance

of an upside-down spoon and become red and sponge-like.

Nail clubbing is sometimes the result of

low oxygen in the blood and could be a sign of various types of lung disease

Koilonychia

also known as spoon nails, is a

nail disease that can be a sign of hypochromic

anemia, especially iron-deficiency anemia.

What is the epidermis?

The outermost layer of the skin.

What is the dermis?

The connective tissue layer of the skin.

What fibers are found in the dermis?

Elastin, collagen, and reticulin fibers.

What nerves are found in the dermis?

Sensory nerve fibers and autonomic motor nerves.

What is the hypodermis?

The subcutaneous layer under the skin.

What are the functions of the hypodermis?

Heat insulation, shock absorption, and calorie storage.

What are skin appendages?

Eccrine sweat glands, apocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair, and nails.

What are eccrine and apocrine glands?

Types of sweat glands.

What do sebaceous glands produce?

Oil, also called sebum.

Capillary refill assessment

used to monitor dehydration and the amount of blood flow to tissue.

What does the skin excrete

sweat, urea, lactic acid

Skin turgor may be altered in which situations?

Substantial dehydration or edema

A

Asymmetry
One half does not match the other half

B

— Border
Uneven or irregular borders.

C

— Color
Uneven or multiple colors, such as brown, tan, black, red, white, or blue.

D

Diameter
Larger than about 6 mm, roughly the size of a pencil eraser.

E

Evolution
Changes in size, shape, color, elevation, or symptoms over time.