ARCH 210: History of Architecture BUILDINGS

Prehistoric Hut, Terra Amata, France, c400,000 BCE, Paleolithic:

hypothetical reconstruction of the huts at this site

Cave at Lascaux: Hall of the Bulls (Aurochs) & Shaft of the Dead Man, Lascaux, France, c17,000-10,000

BCE, Paleolithic

Newgrange Cairn and Passage Grave, Newgrange, Ireland,

c. 3000–2500 BCE, Neolithic

Stonehenge, Salisbury Plain,

England, 3000-1500 BCE,

Neolithic

Çatalhöyük, near Konya,

Turkey, c. 7,400 to 5,700 BCE,

Neolithic Period

Anu Ziggurat and White

Temple, Uruk (Warka),

Iraq, c3300-3000 BCE,

Sumerian

Schematic Plan of Ur, Iraq, c. 2200-2000 BCE, aerial view with the archaeological

remains of the ziggurat and other elements of the city, Sumerian

Ziggurat and Temple of Nanna, Ur, Iraq, 2100-2050 BCE, Patron: King Ur-Nammu (and his son, Shulgi); Sumerian

Single-story (middle-

class) homes in the

excavated residential

zone of the city, Ur, Iraq,

c. 2000 BCE, Sumerian

Plan of the Citadel, Mohenjo-daro,

Pakistan, c. 2500 BCE (mature phase,

earlier settlements in the area going back

to 5000 BCE), Harappan/Indus

Civilization

Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro, c.

2600-1900 BCE, Harappan/Indus

Civilization

Mortuary Complex of Pharaoh Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, c2650 BCE, Architect:

Imhotep, Old Kingdom Egypt

Enclosure wall, Mortuary Complex of Djoser,

Saqqara, Egypt, c2650 BCE, Old Kingdom Egypt

Processional Entry Hall, Mortuary Complex of Djoser, Saqqara,

Egypt, c2650 BCE, Architect: Imhotep. Old Kingdom Egypt.

Sham Buildings & Heb-Sed

Festival Court. Mortuary

Complex of Djoser, Saqqara,

Egypt, c2650 BCE, Old Kingdom

Egypt

Serdab of Djoser, at his Mortuary Complex

The Stepped Pyramid of Djoser,

Mortuary Complex of Djoser,

Saqqara, Egypt, c2650-2600

BCE, Old Kingdom Egypt

Great Pyramids, Giza, Egypt, 2600-

2400 BCE, Old Kingdom Egypt.

Pyramid of

Khufu (Cheops)

under

construction

Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), Giza,

Egypt, c. 2570 BCE, Old Kingdom Egypt

Great Pyramid Complex, Giza, Egypt, 2600-2400 BCE, Old Kingdom

Pyramid of Khafre/Chephren

(2), and the Sphinx (3), Giza,

Egypt, c. 2650 BCE, Old

Kingdom

Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahri, Egypt, c. 1480 BCE, New

Kingdom Egypt (next to temple of Mentuhotep II)

Persepolis (Takht-e Jamshid), Iran, c.500 BCE, Persian Patron: Darius I. Achaemenid Empire

Gate of All Nations

(Gate of Xerxes), Western (exterior) Portal

with Bulls, *Persepolis

(Takht-e Jamshid), Iran, c. 500 BCE, Persian

Achaemenid Empire

The Apadana, or

Audience Hall, Persepolis,

Iran, c 500 BCE, Persian

Achaemenid Empire

Throne Room and and Rock-cut Tomb of Artaxerxes II, Persepolis,

Iran, c. 500 BCE, Persian Achaemenid Empire

Labyrinth/Palace of Knossos, Knossos, Crete, Greece, c.

1450 BCE, Minoan

Citadel, Mycenae, Greece, 1500-

1300 BCE, Mycenaean

Lion Gate, Citadel, Mycenae, Greece, 1250 BCE, Mycenaean

[limestone relief , 9 ½ feet high]

Megaron, Citadel, Mycenae,

Greece, 1600-1200 BCE,

Mycenaean

“Treasury of

Atreus,” Mycenae,

Greece, c. 1250

BCE, Mycenaean

Hippodamian Plan of Miletus, (Western) Turkey, c470 BCE, Classical

Greek

The Classical Orders & building parts in Greek Architecture

Parts of greek temples

The Acropolis of Athens, reconstruction plan in Classical period

Propylaia, Athens, Greece, 437-432 BCE, Classical Greek (designed by Mnesikles)

Parthenon, on the Acropolis, Athens, Greece, rebuilt 447-432 BCE,

Patron: Pericles (leader of Athens); Architects: Iktinos and Kallikrates; chief

sculptor: Phidias, Classical Greek

Reconstructions of the Athena Parthenos statue inside the cella of the

Parthenon; Chryselephantine statue by Pheidias (ca 432 BC)

Parthenon Inner Frieze: the inner frieze here is an anomaly (it is

unusual), making the Parthenon unique;

it shows the Panathenaic procession

The Erechtheion (on Acropolis),

Athens, Greece, 421-405 BCE ,

Classical Greece

Pont du Gard (aqueduct), Nimes, France, c. 19 BCE, Roman

Maison Carré, Nîmes, France, c20 BCE,

Imperial Roman

Roman Kit

Roman Forum/Forum Romanum

and the first imperial

fora (plural of

forum): each

emperor built his

own, successive

forum and the group

of buildings around

it: a basilica, a

temple, a memorial

statue, and usually

markets.

Forum of Trajan, Rome,

Italy (in the), 98-117 CE,

Patron: Emperor Trajan,

Architect: Apollodorus of

Damascus, Imperial

Roman

Basilica Ulpia, Rome, Italy (in the Forum of Trajan), 98-117 CE, Patron:

Emperor Trajan, Imperial Roman

Column of Trajan, Rome, Italy, 113

CE, Patron: Emperor Trajan. Imperial

Roman

Markets of Trajan, Rome,

Italy (in the Forum of

Trajan), 98-117 CE, Imperial

Roman, Patron: Emperor

Trajan

Colosseum (actually called

the Flavian Ampitheater),

Rome, Italy, c. 70-82 CE,

Patron: Emperor Vespasian,

Imperial Roman

Baths of Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 212-

216 CE, patron: Emperor Caracalla,

Imperial Roman

Pantheon, Rome, Italy, 114-128 CE, patrons: Emperors Trajan and Hadrian,

Imperial Roman.

Pompeii, Italy, part of the empire from 80

BCE until its destruction by the eruption of

the Vesuvius volcano in c79 CE, Imperial

Roman

Arch of Constantine, sculpture phases

showing spolia from the “Good

Emperors” Rome, Italy, 315 CE,

Late Antique

The Christian Basilica/Old St. Peters Basilica

Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem, Israel/Palestine, c320-26 CE,

Late Antique

Land Walls of Theodosius II, Istanbul, Turkey, 412-415, Patron: Emperor,

Theodosius II, Early Byzantine

Hagia Sophia (“Holy Wisdom”), Istanbul, Turkey, 532-537, Patron: Emperor Justinian,

Architects: Anthemios of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus,

Early Byzantine

Hagia Sophia, structural elements and spatial parts, combining

centralized and longitudinal aspects of design and planning

(unique in the ancient/medieval world to do this)

Hosios Loukas Monastery, Stiris, Greece, c 1020-1040, Middle Byzantine

Sainte Foy, Conques, France, ca.

1050-1120, Romanesque

Monastery of Sainte Foy,

Conques, France, 1050-

1120, Romanesque

Façade tympanum, Ste. Foy, Conques

Abbey Church of Saint Denis, (near)

Paris, France, 1140-44, Gothic

Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris,

France, begun 1163 (choir), nave

after 1178, façade 1200-1250,

clerestory remodeled in early

thirteenth century. GOTHIC

The Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, France, 1242-8, Late Gothic. Patron: King (Saint) Louis

IX, as a private chapel for the court and repository for the precious relics of Christ