Atomic Structure and Bonding Quiz Review

Flashcards covering atomic structure, subatomic particles, isotopes, ions, valence shells, and chemical bonding types based on the review guide.

Atomic number

The number of protons in an atom, which defines the element.

Mass number

The total number of protons plus neutrons in an atom.

Isotopes

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Ions

Atoms that gain or lose electrons.

Anions

Negatively charged ions.

Cations

Positively charged ions.

Valence electrons

Electrons that determine the reactivity of an atom.

Stable/inert atom

An atom with a full outer shell containing $8$ electrons.

Phosphorus

An element with an atomic number of $15$, containing $15$ protons and $15$ electrons.

Covalent bond

A chemical bond where atoms share electrons.

Nonpolar covalent bond

A covalent bond involving equal sharing of electrons.

Polar covalent bond

A covalent bond involving unequal sharing of electrons, such as in water.

Ionic bond

A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons, where oppositely charged ions attract.

Hydrogen bond

A weak attraction between polar molecules, such as water molecules.