Ch+5+pt+1+FP-module 4
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37 Terms
What is the basic unit of life?
Cell
What is the process by which a cell becomes two daughter cells?
Cell division
What type of cells are used in reproduction (sperm and egg)?
Gametes
What is formed when a sperm and egg fuse?
Zygote
What are any body cells that are not gametes called?
Somatic cells
In which phase of the cell cycle is the majority of time spent?
Interphase
What phase is characterized by cell growth and organelle duplication?
G1 Phase
What is replicated during the S phase of the cell cycle?
DNA
What is produced in the G2 phase that is necessary for cell division?
Proteins
During which phase do mitosis and cytokinesis occur?
Mitotic Phase
Mitosis
The division and separation of nuclei and chromosomes.
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm and organelles into two daughter cells.
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death that removes unneeded or damaged cells.
Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Key regulatory points (G1, G2, and M) that ensure proper cellular function and DNA integrity during the cell cycle.
G1 Checkpoint
The checkpoint where the cell must receive a growth factor to avoid entering a non-dividing state (G0).
Cancer
A disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division (runaway mitosis).
Diploid
Cells containing two sets of chromosomes (2n).
Haploid
Cells containing only one set of chromosomes (n).
Sister Chromatids
Two identical copies of a chromosome, joined together at the centromere.
Centromere
The region where two sister chromatids are joined together.
Prophase
The first phase of mitosis where the nuclear envelope fragments and chromosomes become visible.
Metaphase
The phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.
Anaphase
The phase of mitosis where daughter chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase
The phase of mitosis where nuclear envelopes re-form around each set of chromosomes.
Cytokinesis in Animals
Division of cytoplasm characterized by the formation of a contractile ring.
Cytokinesis in Plants
Formation of a new membrane and cell wall at the cell plate using vesicles from the Golgi apparatus.
Chromatin
The form of DNA packaged with proteins; condenses to form chromosomes during mitosis.
Cell _____________
The basic unit of life.
The _____________ is a process by which a cell becomes two daughter cells.
Cell division
__________ are cells used in reproduction (sperm and egg).
Gametes
A _____________ is formed when a sperm and egg fuse.
Zygote
Somatic cells are any body cells that are not _____________.
Gametes
The majority of the cell cycle is spent in _____________.
Interphase
The _____________ phase is when the cell grows and duplicates organelles.
G1
During the S phase, ___________ is replicated.
DNA
G2 is the stage where proteins necessary for _____________ are produced.
Division
Mitosis and cytokinesis occur during the _____________ phase.
Mitotic