Rangeland test

In colorado who has the resposibility to conduct plant material inspections?

CDA’s plant division

What doe FIFRA require before introducing a pesticide in interstate commerce

registering pesticide with the EPA

Two classifications of pesticides by the EPA

general use (GUP) and regular use (RUP)

Who can apply a RUP

certified applicator or persons working under their superision

Where do private applicators use pesticides

land owned or leased by them or their employers for the purpose of producing an agricultural commodity

Who licenses private and commercial applicators in Colorado

CDA

What is the basis for enforcement of FIFRA

label

When do you need to possess section 24c labels

When making an application using a pesticide for a specialized local need

FIFRA civil penalty maximum

$5,000

FIFRA criminal penalty crime and maximum?

misdemeanor, $25,000 and/or one year in prison

Required information on pesticide application record (10)

1. Name and address for whom application was made

2. location of pesticide application (if different than 1)

3. Specific target pest

4. site, crop commodity, or structure treated

5. Specific pesticide (EPA number or brand name and address of manufacturer)

6. Dilution rate (volume pesticide/unit carrier)

7. application rate (gallons/acre or similar, also indicate friects for use like “spray until wet”)

8. Carrier if not water

9. Date and time of application (within ½ hour of started or stopped, define if start or stop time)

10. Name of applicator (tech, operator, or supervisor if RUP)

Does DOT allow interstate travel of pesticides in secondary containers?

No, must be in original containers

Y

ou must notify DOT after accident when?

Person killed, injured badly enough to go to hospital, or damage more than $50,000

Is a pesticides residue tolerance the same across all products (crops)?

No, a single pesticide can have different tolerances on different crops

What does PPA stand for

Plant Protection Act

What did PPA give USDA a responsibility to do?

Designate certain non-native weeds as noxious and prevent their entry into the U.S.

What is required to important plants or plant products into the country

permit from USDA

noxious weed definition from PPA

any weed tat could bring harm to agriculture, public health, navigation, irrigtion, natural resources, or the environment

What does APHIS stand for?

USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

What does APHIS have authority to due when noxious weed poses significant threat

declare extraordinary emergency and transfer money from other agencies to eradicate a weed, seize and destroy noxious weeds moving between states

Colorado Noxious Weed Act’s definition of noxious weed

plant species that are not indigenous to state of Colorado and meet at least one of the several critera regarding their negative impacts on crops, native plants, livestock, and tghe management of natural or agricultural systems

Can native CO plants be designated as noxious if they meet damage qualifications?

No

What does the CO noxious weed management program do?

implement preventative strategies to reduce spread of invasives, provides information and resources to weed managers to quickly eradicate small populations of weeds, establish local weed management areas to effectively manage widespread populations, educated public agency staff and citizens on impacts of noxious weeds

4 goals of CO noxious weed management plan?

1. Curb the introduction of new noxious weed species into CO

2. Prevent establishment of newly introduces weed species in CO

3. Stop spread of well-establised noxious weed species in CO

4. Restore lands of exceptional agricultural and environmental value

What counts as “taking” in ESA?

harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, collect, or attempt to do any

What does harm mean in the ESA?

an act that actually kills or injures wildlife

If the label mentions ESA, you are required to review what before applying pesticides?

The ESA Species protection bulletin for treatment area

ESA civil penalty maximum

$25,000

ESA criminal penalty maximum

$50,000 and/or one year in prison

ESA citizen suit provision

Allows private citizens to sure Secretary of Interior to impose enforcements against violator

What are the most valuable minutes you can spend in pest control?

The few minutes it takes to read the label

What does the label provide for medical personnel?

The antidote or first aid procedure for poisoning cases

In addition to label directions, uders must also obey instructions in what?

any documents that are only referred to on the product label

Is it illegal to increase rate of application over label maximum?

Yes

Is it legal to use the pesticide in combination with fertilizers or other pesticides?

No, unless the combination is specifically banned or label rates are exceeded

What does REI stand for?

restricted-entry intervals

What agency requires SDSs are available for employees

OSHA

What sections of SDS provide information on material and what to do immediately in emergency?

1-3

What sections of SDS provide information on what to do if a hazardous situation occurs?

4-6

What sections of SDS provide information on how to prevent hazardous situations?

7-10

What sections of SDS provide other useful information?

11-16

Toxicity

capacity os a substance to produce injury or death

What two factors does hazard include

toxicity and exposure

A pesticide can be extremely toxic but low hazard if it is used by ______ applicators

experienced and properly equipped

A pesticide can be low in toxicity but high hazard if it is used by ______ applicators

untrained and inexperienced

Does the signal word indicate acute or chronic toxicity

Acute

Oral and dermal LD50 values for the same chemical are _____

different

Do LD50 and LC50 values represent acute or chronic toxicity?

Acute

What system do organophosphates and carbamates disrupt in humans?

Nervous system, specifically the chemical cholinesterase

Signs and symptoms of severe organophosphate and carbamate poisoning

unconsciousness, severe constriction of pupil, muscle twitching, secretions from mouth and nose, difficulty breathing, death

Antidotes for organophosphate poisoning

atropine sulfate and pralidoxome

Antidotes for carbomate poisoning

atrpopine

pyrethroid insecticide poisoning

mild nerve poisons cause eye and skin irritation, allergic reactions, irritability, tremors, urinary incontinence

bipyridulium herbicides poisoning

poisoning injuries can be irreversible, may lead to irritation of skin eyes nose and injury to gastrointestinal tract and kidneys

phenoxy herbicides poisoning symptoms

cause skin irritation and local burning sensation, muscle twitching snd stiffness

triazine herbicides posioning

skin irritation, nausea, kidney, liver, and nervous system damage

What types of herbicides require soap or detergent to remove

Solutions of pesticides in petroleum oil or other solvents

Does the registry of pesticide-sensitice persons apply to rangeland applications

NO, but make them aware as a courtesy

What statement should be posted on door of storage facility

WARNING: hazardous materials are contained within. In case of emergency, contact (name) at (telephone #)

Three C’s of spill management

Control, contain, clean up

Where should you spray equipment rinsates?

On target area or other areas listen on label, or include in next batch

What should you do with excess pesticide product

As long as it is mixed according to label, it should be used by you or another certified applicator

How should you dispose of banned pesticides?

Check for recall if in properly labeled container, use if allowed (EPA may allow old label or issue a STOP use), use CO hemsweep program if needed

Safest way to dispose of rinsewater used to rinse pesticide container

Add to pesticide mix

How to rinse metal or rigid plastic pesticide containers

Triple rinse: hold upside down 30 seconds, fill small containers ¼ full and shake, fill larger containers completely full, drain and repeat 2X, puncture container

How to clean paper or plastic sacks

empty into calibration equipment, cut sack open, rinse container if lining present,

What travels farther: vapor drift or particle drift?

Vapor drift

How to reduce particle drift

use low pressures, leave buffer area, angle nozzles toward ground, use nozzles with large openings to increase droplet size, use low-volitile formulations, low wind speed, do not spray during temperature inversion

____ temperature and ___ relative humidity cause stray droplets to volitize

High, low

In general, plants are most susceptible to post-emergence herbicides at which two phases

1. as seedlings

2. In perennials after growth when food root reserves are depleted

Best control stages for annual plants

seedling best, vegetative growth is still feasible since most energy is in production, foliar applications work in flowering, maturity control is useless

Best control stages for biennial plants

control as seedling best, control as rosette is second best

Best control stages for perennial plant

Best to control in seedling stage, systemic herbicides required, apply during summer and fall regrowth when direction of flow is down to roots

Best stages of insect growth to apply herbicides

Larvae and nymphs: most damaging and most easily killed by pesticides

Cross resistance

Pests are resistant to chemically related pesticide (same MOA)

Multiple resistance

Pest resistant to chemicals with different MOAs

Will increasing rates of pesticides manage resistance

No, it will only kill the members of population that are not genetically resistant and increase numbers of resistance

emulsifier

substance that promotes the suspension of one liquid in another

emulsion

fine particles of oil distributed evenly in water

Types of solid formulations

bait, dry flowables/water dispersible granules, dust, granular, soluble powder, wettable powder

What does a dry flowable/water dispersible granule form in water

Suspension, requires agitation

What does a wettable powder form in water

suspension

Should dusts and granules be mixed with water?

No, they are ready to use

Types of liquid formulations

concentrated emulsion, emulsifiable concentrate, flowable, gel, micro-encapsulated solution, suspension concentrate, true liquid solution

What liquid formulation has a milky final look?

Emulsifiable concentrate (EC or E)

What does a flowable form in water?

Suspension

What formulations can be contained in WSP

wettable powder, soluble powder, or gel

Do any pesticide formulations contain adjuvents

Yes, most contain a small amount of adjuvent

common types of adjuvents

drift retardants, stickers, surfactants, syngergists, penetrants, buffers

What method of herbicide application is most visible and most subject to drift?

foliar spraying

Nonselective herbicides are used most commonly with what method of herbicide application?

spot treatments

What is an advantage of band treatment over broadcast treatment

It reduces chemical cost

Soil application requires ___ to be moved into root zone of plants

soil moisture

Invert emulsion applications

Use a water-in-oil mixture to reduce drift, required occasional agitation

Some applications are not measured by rate/acre but by ____

dosage such as spray to wet

Foliar insecticides are mostly applied as _____ liquid sprays and take ____ to break down

broadcast, several days

Soil-applied pesticides are best used for what kinds of treatment sites?

Bare ground where revegetation will occur, damaging to healthy rangelands

Can insecticides be combined with herbicides for a broadcast soil application?

Yes some mixtures, especially pre-emergent, are used unless restricted by label

Types of granular applicators

pneumatic whirling disks, multiple gravity feed outlets, multiple air-driven feed outlets, and ram-air

Components of granular applicators

hopper to hold pesticide, mechanical agitator at base of hopper, drop tubes, and some type of metering device