WHH Unit 3 Review

What kingdom did Clovis find and convert in 481?

Frankish

Who stopped the Umayyads at Tours, France in 732?

Charles Mattel

Who did Pope Leo III crown emperor in 800?

Charlemagne

Who was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962?

Otto the Great

Which territories did the Vikings raid, settle, and assimilate?

Normandy, Iceland, Vinland

Who defeated Harold at Hastings in 1066 and became “the Conqueror”?

William of Normandy

What opposing factions formed during the Great Schism of 1054?

Romantic Catholic (pope, Latin) vs. Eastern Orthodox (patriarch, Greek)

What was the correct hierarchy in Feudalism?

kings > lords > knights/vassals > serfs

What was the chronological order of population growth?

towns > guilds > coins/banks > the Commercial Revolution

What grew from cathedral schools?

universities

Who aided in the rise of scholasticism, ultimately uniting faith and reason?

Thomas Aquinas

Who aided in the rise of vernacular writing? (3 people)

Beowulf, Chaucer, Dante

What did the Magna Carta do in 1215?

limited the English king’s power and formed the roots of Parliament

What was the main argument in the Investiture Controversy?

who appoints bishops — pope or emperor?

Who did Pope Gregory VII challenge and excommunicate, asserting Church independence from rulers?

King Henry III/IV

What did Pope Urban II call to defend the Holy Land in 1095?

the First Crusade

Who led Crusaders to capture Jerusalem?

Godfrey of Bouillon

What was the fate of the Second Crusade after Edessa’s fall in 1144?

complete failure

Charlemagne

crowned emperor by Pope Leo III, 800 CE

William the Conqueror

won the Battle of Hastings, 1066

Pope Urban II

called the First Crusade, 1095

Saladin

Muslim ruler who retook Jerusalem, 1187

Richard the Lionheart

led the Third Crusade, negotiated with Saladin