Chemistry Year 10 RN Flashcards
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/61
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai | Chat |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
62 Terms
What is an aqueous substance
A substance containing / made with / dissolved in water
What is Mr
Relative Molecular Mass
What is Ar
Relative Atomic Mass
How to work out the percentage of an atom in a compound
((Number of Atoms x Ar) / Mr) x 100
Work out a full yield
Mass = Mr x Mole
Work out a percentage yield
(Mass obtained / full yield) x 100
Empirical Formula
The simplest whole number ratio of the element present in the substance
Molecular formula
The actual number of each element present in one molecule
What are the three main indicators
Litmus, phenolphthalein and methyl orange
Which way round are the extremes of the pH scale
0 is the strongest acid - 14 is the strongest alkaline
What is universal indicator
A mix of indicators
Why is universal indicator used
It has more colours so can therefore tell us the acidity or alkalinity of something not just if it is or it isn’t
What are acids a common source of
Hydrogen Ions(HCl)
What are alkalines a common source of
Hydroxide ions (NaOH)
What is it called to make a substance go to pH 7
Neutralisation
Which ionic compounds are commonly soluble
Sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds
What group of compounds are all soluble
Nitrates
Which chlorides are insoluble
Silver and lead(II)
Which sulfate compunds are insoluble
Barium, Calcium and lead(II)
Which carbonate ionic compounds are soluble
Sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds
Which hydroxides are soluble
Sodium, potassium and calcium (CaOH is slightly soluble)
Which out of acids and alkalis are proton donors
Acids - they release H ions
Which out of acids and alkalis are proton acceptors
Alkalines - release OH ions
What is a homologous series
A series of organic compounds that have the same general formula
What is the general formula of alkanes
Cn H2n+2
What is a functional group
An atom or group of atoms that is responsible for the characteristic of a homologous series
What is isomerism
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different displayed formulae
What order do the hydrocarbons come in
Methane, Ethane, Butane, Propane, Pentane, Hexane
Displayed formula of methyl pentane
Displayed formula of dimethyl pentane
What is a substitution reaction
A reaction where an atom or group of atoms replaces another
What is an addition reaction
A reaction where two substances react to form one product
What is a combustion reaction
A process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to burn
Why are alkanes classified as saturated hydrocarbons
All carbon to carbon bonds are single
What is the reaction of alkanes with halogens in the presence of UV light
A substitution reaction would occur, the halogen would replace a hydrogen atom
What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon
A compound with one or more double carbon to carbon bonds
What are alkenes
Unsaturated hydrocarbons, they contain a carbon to carbon double bond
General formula of alkenes
Cn H2n
When alkenes react with bromine what happens
Dibromoalkenes are formed
How can bromine water be used to distinguish between an alkane and an alkene
If the bromine water remains orange it’s an alkane if it turns clear it’s and alkene
What is crude oil
A mix of hydrocarbons varying in sizes
What is fractional distillation for crude oil
Unprocessed crude oil isn’t that useful, it can be separated. The bigger molecules have bigger intermolecular forces and have higher BPs thus separating molecules
What can be obtained from crude oil
Bitumen, Fuel Oil, Deisel, Kerosene, Naptha, Petroleum, Refinery gases
What are the trends in crude oil fractions
As the molecules get larger the colour darkens, bp increases and becomes viscous
Products of complete combustion
Carbon dioxide + water
Products of incomplete combustion
Carbon + Carbon monoxide + water
Why is carbon monoxide poisonous
Binds to haemoglobin over 200 times more effectively than oxygen can
What happens when impurities in hydrocarbons are burnt
Some molecules contain sulfur and when these atoms burn sulfur dioxide can be formed
Why are SO2 and NO bad in the atmosphere
They are acidic and contribute to acid rain
What is catalytic cracking
Converting long chain alkanes to short chain alkanes + small alkenes
Catalytic cracking equation
Long-Chain alkane burnt at 600-700°C with aluminium silica makes short chain alkanes + small alkenes
Why is catalytic cracking necessary
Long-Chain alkanes are not in as high demand as short-chain alkanes
How are additional polymers made
Additional polymers are made from the joining together of small alkene molecules
How to convert a monomer to an additional polymer
Make the double bond into a single bond and add another long single bond to each carbon atom
What are the problems with the disposal of additional polymers
They have an inertness to biodegrade and they produce toxic gases once burned
Test for chloride ions
Add dilute nitric acid followed by silver nitrate, if chloride ions are present a white precipitate will be formed
Test for Ammonium ions
Add aqueous sodium hydroxide and heat gently, if ammonium ions are present damp red litmus paper will turn blue
What is an anion
A negatively charged ion
What is a cation
A positively charged ion
Properties of covalent bonds
Low mp and bp, cannot conduct electricity, usually gases or liquids at room temp
Properties of ionic bonds
High mp and bp, often soluble, conduct elec only when dissolved in water, brittle
Giant covalent structures
Very high mb and bp, usually not conductors of electricity, graphite is an exception