The ________ are the 23rd pair, with XX denoting female and XY (as in this case) denoting male.
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Human Genome Project
a global initiative to map the human genome, was finished.
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karyotype
is a picture of every chromosome in a cell in their usual arrangement.
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junk
Although it is "_" DNA and non-coding, it may nonetheless control gene activity.
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chromosome
Each _ exhibits bands known as banding patterns after being treated with chemicals.
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159 million
With around __ base pairs, this chromosome makes up more than 5% of the entire genome.
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mitochondria
The_ the cell's powerhouses, have their own DNA.
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mitochondrial DNA
The__(mtDNA) is circular, as opposed to the nucleus' linear DNA.
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37
There are only __ genes in it that produce the RNA and proteins the mitochondrion needs to function.
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mtDNA
Changes in the _ are linked to certain uncommon disorders.
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gene
Not all cells have functioning copies of every
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Gene expression
is the process by which a gene is able to produce its protein.
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turned on
In the majority of cells, certain genes are "__" and express themselves.
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turned off
Other genes, used to produce specific products like hormones, are "__" when not required.
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Generalized
stem cells are the first cells formed when a fertilized egg divides.
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Cells
in specific regions of an embryo receive guidance from chemical environment and intercellular interactions to differentiate into tissues like neuron, muscle, and skin.
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**PRECURSOR CELL**
This has a wide range of cell types it might become.
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**SPERM CELL**
brimming with mitochondria, which provide the fuel
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**MUSCLE CELL**
Cells that are long and thin and contain proteins that contract
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**NERVE CELL**
A high degree of specialization with regard to both the shape and the connections
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Flashcard (92)