HHD U3AOS1 - Topic 1+2

Self-assessed health status

a measure based on a person's own opinion about how they feel about their health and wellbeing, their state of mind and their life in general. It is commonly sourced from population surveys.

Life expectancy

An indication of how long a person can expect to live; it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change

Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE)

a measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.

the average length of time an individual at a specific age can expect to live in full health; that is, time lived without the health consequences of disease or injury

Mortality

refers to death, particularly at a population level

Maternal mortality rate

death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth or within six weeks of delivery

Infant mortality rate

The rate of deaths of infants before their first birthday, usually expressed per 1000 live births

Under-five mortality rate (U5MR)

The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births

Maternal mortality ratio

the number of mothers who die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth, or within six weeks of delivery per 100 000 live births

Health and wellbeing

the state of a person's physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence, characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged

Disease

a physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction or tissue damage

Dynamic

constantly changing

Subjective

influenced by or based on personal beliefs, feelings or opinions

Physical health and wellbeing

relates to the functioning of the body and its systems; it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks

illness

a subjective concept related to personal experience of a disease or injury

mental health and wellbeing

relates to the state of a person’s mind or brain and the ability to think and process information. It includes thought patterns, self-esteem and levels of stress and anxiety.

emotional health and wellbeing

relates to the ability to manage and express emotions in an appropriate way as well as the ability to display resilience

social health and wellbeing

relates to the state and quality of the interactions and relationships that an individual has with other people

spiritual health and wellbeing

ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the mind and conscience of human beings

physical h+w characteristics

healthy body weight

optimal levels of energy

physical capacity to perform daily tasks

absence of illness, disease, injury

appropriate levels of fitness

optimal blood pressure

well-functioning body, systems and organs

social h+w characteristics

productive relationships with other people

supportive and well-functioning family

supportive network of friends

ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations

effective communication with others

emotional h+w characteristics

recognise and understand emotional actions and reactions

effectively express and manage emotional actions and reactions

experience appropriate emotions in given scenarios

have a high level of resilience

mental h+w characteristics

low levels of stress and anxiety

optimal self-esteem

positive thought patterns

high levels of confidence

use logic and reasoning to form opinions and make decisions

the ability to think and process information

spiritual h+w characteristics

a sense of belonging and connection to the world

positive meaning

place and purpose in life

peace and hope

developed personal values and beliefs

acting according to values and beliefs

h+w as a resource for individuals

live independently

spend time with friends

increase leisure time

work productively

gain an education

earn an income

exercise

effectively run a household

work towards their purpose in life

sleep well

h+w as a resource nationally

longer, healthier lives

health system savings

fewer people relying on social security

increased productivity

higher average incomes

reduced stress and anxiety in the community

increased social participation

h+w as a resource globally

promotes economic development

assists in promoting peace and stability

promotes social development

promotes sustainability

reduces risk of disease transmission between countries

morbidity

ill health in an individual and levels of ill health in a population (expressed through incidence and prevalence)

burden of disease

a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically the gap between current health status and an ideal situation in which everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability, measured in DALY.

DALY

a measure of burden of disease. One DALY is equal to one year of healthy life lost due to illness and/or death. Calculated as the sum of YLL due to premature death and years lived with disability (YLD) for people living with the health condition or its consequences.

YLL

a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death

YLD

a measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to disease, injury or disability.

health status

an individual's or population's overall level of health and wellbeing taking into account various indicators such as life expectancy, mortality and morbidity

incidence

refers to the no.(or rate) of new cases of a disease/condition in a population during a given period

prevalence

the total no. or proportion of cases of a particular disease/condition in a population during a given period