Marine Geo Quiz 2

When did the paleozoic era begin

542 Ma

Which of the following is not consistent with shallow-water carbonate sediment production

Areas of high river input

because of early/rapid cementation and coral reef growth on the edges of carbonate platforms, they are characteristically _____

steep-sided

the mineralogy of shallow-water carbonates does not include _____

Feldspar

what is the common requirenment for each of these prevalent, shallow-water carbonate-producing organisms: Hermatypic corals, coralline red algae, calcareous green algae, benthic foraminifera with algal symbionts

require sunlight

which shallow-water carbonate allochem (grain type) is formed through inorganic precipitation in shallow, agitated waters, and is characterized by a concentrically-layered nucleus

Ooids

In taking advantage of the warmer, stronger portions of ocean gyres, shallow-water coral reefs are largely found on the ____ side of ocean basins

western

At pulley ridge, how does the marine geology support the marine biology (coral reef ecosystem)

Provides hard substrate for coral larval attachment

in which terrigenous shelf environment, below storm wave base, are sandy storm layers (tempestites) sometimes found within an otherwise muddy deposit

offshore

Which zone of the continental shelf is characterized by sands with a distinguishing bedding pattern called hummocky cross stratification

offshore transition

what are the dominant sediment contributors to continental shelves

biogenous and terrigenous

Across continental shelves, what is the characteristic trend in grain size when going from the foreshore to the offshore

coarse to fine

which authigenic sediment formed on continental shelves is consistent with upwelling of nutrient-rich waters

phosphorite

in which type of sediments does grain size primarily reflect energy levels

siliciclastic

The majority of continental shelves are _____

wave-dominated; depths rarely exceed 10 meters

Graded beds of sand, silt, and mud deposited at the base of the continental slope by turbidity currents are called

turbidities

submarine canyons on continental shelves are the result of turbidity currents

false

which of the following two characteristics together best describe the environment of deep-sea sediment deposition

fine grained and slow accumulation

from the analysis of fine-grained mineral assemblages (such as kaolinite and chlorite), this terrestrial deep sea sediment type can be useful in reconstructing past climate/weathering signals

red clays

the solubility of ____ shells decrease with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature in the ocean. Therefore the presence of these sediments in deep sea cores indicates ______ in surface waters

silica; high productivity

The CCD is _____ in the Pacific the the Atlantic due to _____ dissolved CO2

shallower; increased

which deep sea biogenic ooze type is more abundantly found on the shallower portions of ocean ridge systems

carbonate

which of the following is the slowest accumulating deep sea sediment type (few mm’s per thousand years)

red clays

which of the following is consistent with a siliceous biogenic ooze

40% diatoms