Pharmacology Exam 2 Drugs

Calcium Carbonate

Class - Supplement

Indications - Hypocalcemia and osteoporosis; Acid reflux

ADRs - GI upset, kidney stones

Contraindications- Hypercalcemia

Calcium Citrate

Class - supplement

Indications- osteoporosis, hypocalcemia

ADRs- GI upset, kidney stones

Contraindications - Hypercalcemia

Calcitriol

Class - supplement

Indications- osteoporosis, hypocalcemia

ADRs- GI upset, kidney stones

Contraindications - Hypercalcemia

Alendronate

Class - Bisphosphonate

Indications - Osteoporosis

ADRs - GI upset, Gastritis, Acid reflux, flatulence, esophageal irritation, muscle cramps

Contraindications - hypocalcemia,

Naproxen

Class - NSAID

Indications - Inflammation, fever, mild to moderate pain

ADRs - GI ulcer, Bleeding, increased BP

Contraindications - Pregnancy, peptic ulcer disease, IBD, active bleeding, Hx of current anticoagulant use

Diclofenac

Class - NSAID

Indications - Inflammation, fever, mild to moderate pain

ADRs - GI ulcer, Bleeding, increased BP

Contraindications - Pregnancy, peptic ulcer disease, IBD, active bleeding, Hx of current anticoagulant use

Baclofen

Class - GABA Derivative

Indications - Muscle spasms related to MS, spinal cord injury

ADRs - Respiratory depression, drowsiness, weakness, fatigue

Contraindications - Pregnancy

Fentanyl

Class - Opioid Agonist/Analgesic

Indications - Moderate to severe pain

ADRs - Respiratory depression, constipation, nausea, sedation, dependency

Contraindications - Renal and hepatic impairment

Hydrocodone

Class - Opioid Agonist/Analgesic

Indications - Moderate to severe pain

ADRs - Respiratory depression, constipation, nausea, sedation, dependency

Contraindications - Renal and hepatic impairment

Lidocaine

Class - Sodium Channel Blocker

Indications - Local Analgesia

ADRs - Rubor and pain at the site of injection

Contraindications - Hypersensitivity

Morphine

Class - Opioid Agonist/Analgesic

Indications - Moderate to severe pain

ADRs - Respiratory depression, constipation, nausea, sedation, dependency

Contraindications - Renal and hepatic impairment

Oxycodone

Class - Opioid Agonist/Analgesic

Indications - Moderate to severe pain

ADRs - Respiratory depression, constipation, nausea, sedation, dependency

Contraindications - Renal and hepatic impairment

Naloxone

Class - Opioid Antagonist

Indications - Opioid overdose

ADRs - Immediate loss of pain relief

Contraindications - Pt is on comfort care

Docusate Sodium

Class - Surfactant Laxative

Indications - Prevention of Constipation post-op

ADRs - Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, electrolyte imbalance, dehydration

Contraindications - Severely dehydrated patient

Bisacodyl

Class - Stimulant Laxative

Indications - Acute constipation

ADRs - Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, electrolyte imbalance, dehydration

Contraindications - Severely dehydrated patient

Fiber

Class - Bulk-forming

Indications - Chronic constipation

ADRs - Diarrhea

Contraindications - IBD, fecal impaction, intestinal obstruction

Polyethylene glycol

Class - Osmotic Laxative

Indications - Acute constipation, Colonoscopy prep

ADRs - Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, electrolyte imbalance, dehydration

Contraindications - Severely dehydrated patient, hypokalemia

Senna

Class - Herbal laxative

Indications - Constipation

ADRs - Diarrhea, abdominal cramping

Contraindications - N/A

Ondansetron

Class - Serotonin Antagonist

Indications - Nausea/vomiting, following surgery, chemotherapy

ADRs - headache, dizziness, constipation, diarrhea

Contraindications - Cardiac dysrrhythmias with prolonged QT interval

Metoclopramide

Class - Phenothiazine

Indications - Nausea, Vomiting unrelieved by other antiemetics

ADRs - Tardive Dyskinesia, dizziness, hallucinations, anxiety, depression

Contraindications - Pregnancy

Furosemide

Class - Loop Diuretic

Indications - Fluid overload, hypertension, heart failure

ADRs - dizziness, headache, blurred vision, dehydration, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, electrolyte imbalance, ototoxic

Contraindications - End stage renal failure, pregnancy

Hydrochlorothiazide

Class - Thiazide Diuretic

Indications - Hypertension, heart failure, Edema

ADRs - hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, dehydration

Contraindications - Pregnancy

Spironolactone

Class - Potassium Sparing Diuretic

Indications - Hyper tension

ADRs - Hyperkalemia, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension

Contraindications - Pregnancy, Addison's disease

Tamsulosin

Class - Adrenergic alpha-blocker

Indications - Urinary retention r/t BPH

ADRs - Erectile dysfunction, orthostatic hypotension

Contraindications - Cataracts, Glaucoma, tricyclic antidepressant treatment

Aspirin

Class - Salicylates

Indications - Used for cerebrovascular prevention, MI prevention. Arthritic pain and fever.

ADRs - GI bleed, Ototoxic, Renal dysfunction, Gastric ulcers

Contraindications - Reye's syndrome, Active GI bleed/Ulcers

Ibuprofen

Class - NSAID

Indications - Anti-inflammatory, Fever, mild-to-moderate pain

ADRs - GI ulcer, raised BP, Risk of bleeding

Contraindications - Current anticoagulant use, Peptic Ulcer Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Celecoxib

Class - NSAID

Indications - Anti-inflammatory, Fever, mild-to-moderate pain

ADRs - GI ulcer, raised BP, Risk of bleeding

Contraindications - Current anticoagulant use, Peptic Ulcer Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Penicillin G

Class - Penicillin

Indications - Gram + bacteria, Surgical site infection prophylaxis

ADRs - N/V, Diarrhea, Phlebitis

Contraindications - Hypersensitivity

Cefazolin

Class - Cephalosporins

Indications - Gram + Bacterial infection; surgical site infection prophylaxis

ADRs - N/V, Dehydration, phlebitis

Contraindications - Hypersensitivity

Tetracycline

Class - Tetracyclines

Indications - Rocky Mountain spotted fever (tick-borne bacterial infection), Lyme disease, H. pylori

ADRs - Hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, tooth discoloration, photosensitivity, calcium malabsorption

Contraindications - pregnancy, renal and hepatic failure

Erythromycin

Class - Macrolide

Indications - Gram + bacterial infection

ADRs - N/V/D, ototoxicity, hepatotoxicity, prolonged QT interval

Contraindications - Hypersensitivity

Gentamicin

Class - Aminoglycosides

Indications - Gram-negative bacterial infections

ADRs - N/V/D, Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

Contraindications - Impaired renal function, Hx of hearing loss

Ciprofloxacin

Class - Fluroquinolones

Indications - Broad-spectrum; more effective against Gram-negative than Gram-positive

ADRs - Tendon rupture, C. diff, prolonged QT interval, photosensitivity, headache, dizziness

Contraindications - Children, pregnancy, Myasthenia Gravis

trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole

Class - Sulfonamides

Indications - Infection in the genitourinary system

ADRs - Photosensitivity, renal failure, urine crystals

Contraindications - Children, Pregnancy

Vancomycin

Class - Glycopeptide

Indications - Serious Gram-positive bacterial infections; MDRO's

ADRs - Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, red man syndrome, phlebitis, diarrhea

Contraindications - Severe renal or hepatic impairment

donepezil

Class - Cholinesterase inhibitor

Indications - Alzheimers disease

ADRs - V/D, Abnormal dreams, depression, headache, irritability, insomnia, GI bleed

Contraindications - Hx of bradycardia

memantine

Class - NMDA

Indications - Moderate to severe alzheimer's disease

ADRs - V/D, insomnia, depression, headache, irritability, anxiety, hypotension, weight gain

Contraindications - Use cautiously in patients with seizure disorder

quetiapine

Class - Atypical antipsychotic

Indications - schizophrenia, BPD, agitation in dementia patients

ADRs - early death in elderly, tardive dyskinesia, dizziness, drowsiness, somnolence, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, weight gain

Contraindications - renal impairment

sertraline

Class - SSRI

Indications - Depression, social anxiety, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, OCD

ADRs - Agitation, insomnia, headache, dizziness, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, increased risk for suicide, serotonin syndrome, hyponatremia

Contraindications - Use of St. John's wort, Hx of MAOI use/current use, Antabuse

phenelzine

Class - MAOI

Indications - Depression

ADRs - Dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension, hypertensive crisis, insomnia, agitation, delirium, serotonin syndrome, GI upset, weight gain, suicidality, hepatic and renal impairment

Contraindications - Tyramine, Pregnancy/lactation, concurrent use with SSRI's, ginseng, St. John's Wort

lorazepam

Class - Benzodiazepine

Indications - acute anxiety/seizures

ADRs - Drowsiness, sedation, disorientation, weakness, amnesia, ataxia, blurred vision, N/V

Contraindications - Narrow or closed-angle glaucoma, thoughts of suicide, severe renal failure

escitalopram

Class - SSRI

Indications - Depression, social anxiety, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, OCD

ADRs - Agitation, insomnia, headache, dizziness, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, increased risk for suicide, serotonin syndrome, hyponatremia

Contraindications - Use of St. John's wort, Hx of MAOI use/current use, Antabuse

fluoxetine

Class - SSRI

Indications - Depression, social anxiety, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, OCD

ADRs - Agitation, insomnia, headache, dizziness, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, increased risk for suicide, serotonin syndrome, hyponatremia

Contraindications - Use of St. John's wort, Hx of MAOI use/current use, Antabuse

trazodone

Class - SNRIs/atypical

Indications - depression, neuropathic pain, insomnia

ADRs - insomnia, hypertension, tachycardia, sweating, increased appetite, GI upset, sexual dysfunction

Contraindications - concurrent use with MAOIs, antabuse and St. John's Wort

duloxetine

Class - SNRIs/atypical

Indications - depression, neuropathic pain, insomnia

ADRs - insomnia, hypertension, tachycardia, sweating, increased appetite, GI upset, sexual dysfunction

Contraindications - concurrent use with MAOIs, antabuse and St. John's Wort

Allopurinol

Class - Xanthine Oxidase inhibitor

Indications - Gout

ADRs - GI upset, drowsiness, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (symmetrical burning rash, fever, vomiting, tachycardia, hypotension), irreversible liver toxicity

Contraindications - pregnancy