Biology II Review Exam 1

Aristotle

Greek philosopher, creator of species fixed and arranged species on a scala naturae

Species fixed

Species were the way they were and never changed

Carolus Linneaus

Creator of taxonomy, classifying organisms, and binomial format for naming

James Hutton

Changes in Earth’s surface, influenced Darwin’s thinking

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Theory of Evolution, inheritance of aquired characteristics

Inheritance of Aquired Characteristics

characteristics that organisms develop during their life can be passed on to offspring

Descent with modification

Darwins idea, all organisms are related through descent from an ancestor, means the same thing as evolution

Evolution

The change in the inherited characteristics over successive generations

Natural selection

Individuals with certain heritable characteristics survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals, increases the adaptation of organisms to their current environment over time, can only increase/decrease heritable traits already in a population

Artificial selection

Humans have modified species by selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits

Mutation

All evolution starts with a _____

Mutation

Random change in genetic material

Individuals, populations

_____ do not evolve, _____ evolve over time

Change

All evolution has _____ in common

Population

A single species of organisms that can interbreed

Evidence for Evolution

Direct observations, homology, and the fossil record

Direct obervations

The method of collecting data by watching behaviors, events, or physical characteristics firsthand using the senses, without relying on self-reports (beak length closely matches seed depth)

Homology

Similarity resulting from common ancestry (4 limbs of mammals)

The fossil record

Provides evidence of the extinction of species, the origin of new groups, and changes within groups over time

Convergent evolution

When two structures following two completely different paths converge on the same end, does not provide information about acestry

Analogous traits

Arise when groups independently adapt to similar environments in similar ways, can lead to similar features

Theory

Big overarching idea or phenomena that has many observations and data that support it