Hard Music Fundies Flashcards

Classification of a cornet

Aerophone; brass

Flugelhorn classification

Aerophone; brass

baritone classification

aerophone; brass

bugle classification

aerophone; brass

oboe classification

aerophone; woodwind

clarinet classification

aerophone; woodwind

bassoon classification

aerophone; woodwind

saxophone classification

aerophone; woodwind

lute classification

chordophone; stringed

Basic techniques of tape music

Looping and splicing

Musique concrete

Recorded sounds that were edited, manipulated, and mechanically recombined to form collages of sound performed via loudspeaker.

Famous Postwar centers for electronic music

Paris, rome, new york, cologne (PRNC)

4 Properties of sound

Pitch, duration, volume, timbre

Highness or lowness of sound

Pitch

Where is c in an alto clef

middle

where is c in a tenor clef

4th line

What do you call the lowest heard note

Fundamental

what are the other notes heard on top of a note

Partials/overtones

What is the pattern of overtones over an A?

A, E, A (not including fundamental A)

Half steps in a perfect 5th

7

What are the names of the keys in a scale?

tonic, supertonic, mediant, subdominant, dominant, submediant, leading tone

Which are the 3 minors?

natural, harmonic, melodic

What is a relative major/minor?

Share the same keys (DNA)

what is a parallel major/minor

share same tonic

Scales degrees lowered in a blues scale

3, 7, sometimes 5

Playing two notes simultaneously (2 names)

harmony, counterpoint

Conjuct and disjunct are examples of what?

contour

The note where a singer is most comfortable singing

Tessitura

high, low, and middle parts of an instrument's range

register

Different tessitura levels for male and female

Soprano, tenor, alto, bass

The way music is organized in time

rhythm

steady pulse that underlies most music

beat

speed of a beat

tempo

200 bpm

presto

120 bpm

allegro

108 bpm

moderato

84 bpm

andante

72 bpm

adagio

40 bpm

lento/grave

Tempo slowing down

ritardando

tempo speeding up

accelerando

tempo speeding/slowing gradually

poco a poco

tempo speeding/slowing suddenly

subito

When there is no steady tempo/no discernable beat

unmetered

There IS a perceived beat, but it speeds/slows for expressive effect

rubato

The first beat of any measure

downbeat

the pattern of emphasis superimposed on groups of beats

meter

The 4 meter types

duple, triple, quadruple, irregular/asymmetrical

When the first word falls before the downbeat (like happy birthday)

Anacrusis/pickup

What do you call the horizontal line connecting equal value notes

beams

What does a dot do?

adds half the original value of the note

What does a C with a vertical slash through it mean?

Cut time, 2-2 time, alla breve

Alla breve

cut time

Subdivision splitting notes into 2 equal parts

Simple subdivision (e.g. 4/4)

Subdivision splitting notes into 3 equal parts

Compound subdivision (e.g. 6/8)

Mixed meter

When measures that have different meters occur in rapid succession (i.e. 4/4 then 3/4 over and over)

Irregular/asymmetrical meter

When measures that have different meters alternate in an irregular pattern. (I.e. an irregular meter like 7/8)

Polymeter

When 2 or more meters are occurring simultaneously

Syncopation

When weak beats are emphasized

Polyrhythm/cross-rhythm

When there are two rhythms at the same time (like 3/4 AND 4/4)

Rhythm

A collection of varying durations and it is always audible

Beat

A regular underlying pulse that is not always audible, but it is always felt or imagined

Meter

The grouping of beats and the associated patterns of strong and weak beats

When was common practice tonality developed?

Middle ages in Europe in 1750

What is the most common chord progression besides IV-V-I

ii-V-I

Half vs full cadence

ii/IV-V; V-I

Notes in a DOMINANT seventh chord

5-7-2-4

Created the 12 tone method in 1925

Arnold Schoenberg

Arnold Schoenberg's Protoje's

Anton Weber and Alban Berg

Polytonality

Different keys being performed simultaneously

Instrumentation

The instrument or combination of instruments used

Arranging

The art of taking an existing piece of music and giving instructions as to what each individual performer should play

Timber (tone color)

The overtones heard in an instrument affected by the thickness and density of the instruments material, and the amount of resonance

Crescendo and decrescendo or diminuendo

A gradual increase and decrease in dynamics

Articulation

The mechanics of starting and ending a sound

Staccato

To shorten the duration of a note rather than letting it sound for its full value

Lagato

Multiple pitches being played in a smooth connected manner

Pizzicato

When a bow is bounced from the string or a finger is used to pluck

Accent or Marcato

To play a note sharply

Ornamentation

Localized embellishments, not often written down

Motive (motif)

The smallest unit of form; the smallest identifiable, recurring, musical idea(e.g. happy birthday)

Ostinato

a musical phrase repeated over and over during a composition

Phrase

A cohesive musical thought; it has a beginning and end (antecedent phrase, consequent phrase)

Theme

A set of phrases that make a complete melody which plays a prominent role in a longer piece of music

Tenuto

Stressed without force

Slur

Played connected

Sequence

A musical idea repeated on a different pitch level