skull

bone/structure

frontal bone

bone/structure

supraorbital margin

(part of the frontal bone)

bone/structure

coronal suture

• joins frontal bone to the parietal bones

structure that provides a passage for veins, nerve, and artery through the highlighted feature

supraorbital foramen

(part of the frontal bone)

bone/structure (in pink)

foramen magnum

• hole in the cranium where the spinal chord meets the brain

bone/structure

calvaria

the dome of the top of the skull composed of many bone parts

what are the cranial fossa

1. anterior cranial fossa

2. middle cranial fossa

3. posterior cranial fossa

how many cranial bones are there?

8

(1 frontal bone, 2 parietal bones, 2 temporal bones, 1 occipital bone, 1 sphenoid bone, and 1 ethmoid bone)

structure/feature the arrows are pointing to

supraorbital notch (part of the frontal bone)

• Only in some people, occurs when the edge of the supraorbital foramen breaks through the margin of the orbit.

structure/feature highlighted

glabella

• smooth area of the frontal bone above the root of the nose

structure/feature highlighted in pink

frontal sinus

• air filled space in the frontal bone

• may not be present in all skulls

structure/feature highlighted in pink

frontal sinus

• air filled space in the frontal bone

• may not be present in all skulls

bone/structure highlighted

parietal bones

bone/structure highlighted

parietal bones

bone/structure highlighted

parietal bones

bone/structure highlighted

sagittal suture

• between the two parietal bones in the skull.

bone/structure highlighted

lambdoid suture

• separates the occipital bone from the parietal bones.

bone/structure highlighted

squamous suture

• connects the parietal bone with the temporal bone.

bone/structure highlighted

parietal foramen

• sometimes occurs near the corner of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures, allowing blood vessels to pass.

bone/structure labeled 1

superior temporal line

• arc of the parietal and frontal bone

• mark the attachment of the temporalis muscle.

bone/structure labeled 2

inferior temporal line

• arc of the parietal and frontal bone

• mark the attachment of the temporalis muscle.

the temporal bone is divided into how may parts?

4 parts

1. squamous part

2. tympanic part

3. mastoid part

4. petrous part

bone/structure highlighted

temporal bones

• superior and anterior to the external ear

bone/structure highlighted

temporal bones

• superior and anterior to the external ear

bone/structure highlighted

squamous part of the temporal bone

bone/structure highlighted

zygomatic process of the temporal bone

• feature of the squamous part of the temporal bone

bone/structure highlighted

zygomatic arch

• part of the temporal bone

• includes the zygomatic process

bone/structure highlighted

zygomatic arch

• part of the temporal bone

• includes the zygomatic process

bone/structure highlighted in pink

mandibular fossa

• depression where the mandible articulates with the cranium

• feature of the squamous part of the temporal bone

bone/structure highlighted in pink

mandibular fossa

• depression where the mandible articulates with the cranium

• feature of the squamous part of the temporal bone

bone/structure highlighted

tympanic part of the temporal bone

• small ring of bone that surrounds the external acoustic meatus (ear canal)

bone/structure highlighted

tympanic part of the temporal bone

• small ring of bone that surrounds the external acoustic meatus (ear canal)

bone/structure highlighted in pink

external acoustic meatus

• ear canal

• feature of the tympanic part of the temporal bone

bone/structure highlighted in pink

styloid process

• pointed spine

• feature of the tympanic part of the temporal bone

• provides attachment point for tongue, pharynx, and hyoid bone

bone/structure highlighted in pink

mastoid part of the temporal bone

bone/structure highlighted in pink

mastoid process

• feature of the mastoid part of the temporal bone

• filled with small air sinuses

bone/structure highlighted

mastoid notch

• indentation located on the underside of the mastoid process

bone/structure highlighted

mastoid notch

• indentation located on the underside of the mastoid process

bone/structure highlighted in pink

stylomastoid foramen

• feature of the mastoid part of the temporal bone

bone/structure highlighted

mastoid foramen

• feature of the mastoid part of the temporal bone

• passes small artery and vein from the brain

bone/structure highlighted in pink

petrous part of the temporal bone

• houses the middle and inner ear cavities

bone/structure highlighted in pink

petrous part of the temporal bone

• houses the middle and inner ear cavities

bone/structure highlighted in pink

internal acoustic meatus

• located in the petrous part of the temporal bone

• passage for nerve that carries signals for hearing and balance

bone/structure highlighted in pink

carotid canal

• located in the petrous part of the temporal bone

• passage for the internal carotid artery

bone/structure highlighted in pink

carotid canal

• located in the petrous part of the temporal bone

• passage for the internal carotid artery

bone/structure highlighted in pink

jugular foramen

• located in the petrous part of the temporal bone

• large irregular opening medial to the styloid process

• passage for the jugular vein that drains blood from brain

bone/structure highlighted in pink

occipital bone

• forms the rear of the skull

bone/structure highlighted in pink

basilar plate

• part of the occipital bone

• anterior to the foramen magnum

bone/structure highlighted in pink

occipital condyle

• smooth knob on either side of the foramen magnum

• part of the occipital bone

bone/structure highlighted in pink

hypoglossal canal

• passing tunnel beneath each occipital condyle

• tunnel for the nerve that innervates the tongue muscle

• part of the occipital bone

bone/structure highlighted in pink

hypoglossal canal

• passing tunnel beneath each occipital condyle

• tunnel for the nerve that innervates the tongue muscle

• part of the occipital bone

bone/structure highlighted in pink

condylar canal

• posterior to each occipital condyle, it serves as a passage for the veins and a nerve.

• part of the occipital bone

bone/structure highlighted in pink

external occipital protuberance

• prominent medial bump on the occipital bone

• serves as the attachment point for the nuchal ligament.

• part of the occipital bone

bone/structure highlighted

superior nuchal line

• part of the occipital bone

• defines the superior limit of the neck

• provides an attachment point for neck and back muscles

bone/structure highlighted in pink

inferior nuchal line

• attachment point for deep neck muscles

• located on the occipital bone

• deeper Than the superior nuchal line

bone/structure highlighted in pink

sphenoid bone

• Butterfly shaped

bone/structure highlighted in pink

sphenoid bone

• Butterfly shaped

bone/structure highlighted in pink

sphenoid bone

• Butterfly shaped

bone/structure highlighted in blue

greater wings of the sphenoid bone

• form ½ the middle cranial fossa

• form part of the lateral surface of the cranium

bone/structure highlighted in pink

lesser wings of the sphenoid bone

• form the posterior wall of the orbit and

bone/structure highlighted in pink

optic canal

• housed in the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone

• passage of optic nerve

bone/structure highlighted in pink

anterior clinoid processes

• boney spins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone

• protect the optic foramina

bone/structure highlighted in pink

superior orbital fissure

• slit in the posterior wall of the orbit

• passage for nerves the move the eyes

• part of the sphenoid bone

bone/structure highlighted in pink

sella turcica

• a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone

• houses the pituitary gland

bone/structure highlighted in pink

sphenoidal sinuses

bone/structure highlighted in pink

hypophyseal fossa

• deep pit in the sella turcica that houses the pituitary gland

bone/structure highlighted

tuberculum sellae

• raised anterior margin of the sella turcica

bone/structure highlighted

tuberculum sellae

• raised anterior margin of the sella turcica

bone/structure highlighted

tuberculum sellae

• raised anterior margin of the sella turcica

bone/structure highlighted in pink

dorsum sellae

• posterior margin of the sella turcica.

bone/structure highlighted in pink

foramen rotundum

• passageway in the greater wings of the sphenoid bone for the trigeminal nerve

bone/structure highlighted in pink

foramen ovale

• passageway in the greater wings of the sphenoid bone for the trigeminal nerve

bone/structure highlighted in pink

foramen ovale

• passageway in the greater wings of the sphenoid bone for the trigeminal nerve

bone/structure highlighted in pink

foramen spinosum

• small opening in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone

bone/structure highlighted in pink

foramen spinosum

• small opening in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone

• next to the foramen oval

bone/structure highlighted in pink

foramen laceram

• irregular gash in the junction of the temporal, sphenoid, and occipital bones.

bone/structure highlighted in pink

posterior nasal apertures (also called choanae)

• internal openings of the nasal cavity

bone/structure highlighted in pink

medial pterygoid plate

• bony plate that project downward from the sphenoid bone, forming part of the pterygoid process.

bone/structure highlighted in pink

lateral pterygoid plate

• bony plate that project downward from the sphenoid bone, forming part of the pterygoid process.

bone/structure highlighted

lateral pterygoid plate

• bony plate that project downward from the sphenoid bone, forming part of the pterygoid process.

bone/structure highlighted in pink

pterygoid process

• narrow inferior extension from the medial and lateral pterygoid plates

bone/structure highlighted in pink

Ethmoid bone

• located between the eyes

bone/structure highlighted in pink

Ethmoid bone

• located between the eyes

bone/structure highlighted in pink

Ethmoid bone

• located between the eyes

bone/structure highlighted in pink

Ethmoid bone

• located between the eyes

bone/structure highlighted in pink

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

• thin median plate that forms the superior part of the nasal septum.

bone/structure highlighted in pink

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

• thin median plate that forms the superior part of the nasal septum.

bone/structure highlighted in pink

nasal fossae

• right and left airspaces in the nasal cavity separated by the septum

bone/structure highlighted in pink

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

• thin median plate that forms the superior 2/3 of the nasal septum

bone/structure highlighted in pink

crista galli

• the median blade of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

bone/structure highlighted in pink

cribiform (olfactory) foramina

• small openings in the cribriform plate that allow passage of olfactory nerves from the nasal cavity to the brain.

bone/structure highlighted in blue

ethmoid labyrinths

• large masses on either side of the perpendicular plate that contain the ethmoid sinuses.

bone/structure highlighted in pink

ethmoid cells

• air spaces inside of the ethmoid bone that form part of the sinus system and communicate with the nasal cavity.

bone/structure highlighted

ethmoid cells

• air spaces inside of the ethmoid bone that form part of the sinus system and communicate with the nasal cavity.

bone/structure highlighted in pink

orbital plate

• smooth concave plate

• medial wall of the orbit

bone/structure highlighted in pink

medial nasal conchae

• scroll like plates on the medial surface of each labyrinththat contribute to the structure of the ethmoid bone.

bone/structure highlighted in pink

Superior nasal conchae

• scroll like plates on the medial surface of each labyrinththat contribute to the structure of the ethmoid bone.

bone/structure highlighted in pink

inferior conchae

how many facial bones are there?

14

what bones line anterior to the cranial cavity and do not enclose the brain

facial bones