A&P Chapter 1

Question-and-answer flashcards based on Chapter 1 practice questions covering structural levels, homeostasis, feedback mechanisms, directional terms, anatomical planes, body cavities, diagnostic techniques, and imaging.

Which study focuses on the functions of body structures?

Physiology

A _____is a group of cells that work together to perform a particular function?

Tissue

Ana____ process occurs when amino acids build new proteins? (metabolism)

Anabolism

_____ and endocrine systems predominantly regulate and maintain ___stasis?

Nervous , homeostasis

Which body fluid fills the narrow spaces between cells and tissues? (Rima con Entere…)

Interstitial fluid

A ____ feedback system reverses a change in a controlled condition to maintain balance,

A_____ feedback system strengthens or reinforces a change in a controlled condition.

Negative, positive

Which component are hormonal or electrical SIGNALS sent from the control center?

Effectors (via an efferent pathway)

What component of a feedback system DETECT a stimulus, such as decreasing oxygen concentrations in the blood?

Receptor

When elevated thyroid hormone levels inhibit TRH neurons in the hypothalamus to stop secreting TRH, what feedback mechanism is being illustrated?

Negative feedback - because it brought it back to a controlled environment

How is swelling in the legs during worsening cardiomyopathy classified?

A sign- because it’s your body letting you know something is off

How is the standard anatomical position described?

The subject stands erect facing the observer, with head level and eyes facing directly forward, feet flat on the floor directed forward, and upper limbs at the sides with palms turned anteriorly.

What is the correct order of cavities from broadest to most specific in which the lungs are located?

“Very Tall PeoPle Visualize”

Ventral, thoracic, parietal pleura, visceral pleura

What is the correct order of cavities from broadest to most specific in which the urinary bladder is located?

“Very Annoying Pets Pester Vets”

Ventral, abdominopelvic, pelvic, parietal peritoneal, visceral peritoneal

P____cavity contains the heart

Pericardial

What is the primary function of pleural secretions?

To reduce friction between neighboring organs

Cutting open the CHEST at the sternal marking represents a cut along which anatomical plane?

(Chest is right in the MIDDLE)

Midsagittal plane

Amputation of the ARM at the SHOULDER represents a cut along which anatomical plane?

Parasagittal plane

Cutting the body in HALF at the diaphragm to create the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity occurs along which anatomical plane?

Transverse plane

When holding your arms out to the side at shoulder level, what directional term describes your fingers relative to your midline?

(Workout rises for arms or back)

Lateral

What directional term describes your fingers relative to your shoulder?

(Far from each other)

Distal

What directional term describes the position of the heart relative to the liver?

Superior

What directional term describes the position of the sternum relative to the heart?

Anterior

In the provided trunk figure, what directional relationship exists between the ascending colon and the gallbladder?

They are ipsilateral to each other.

(affecting the same side of the body)

In the provided anatomical planes figure, which letter indicates a parasagittal plane dividing the body into UNEQUAL right and left halves?

B

In the provided brain sections figure, section (C) results from cutting through which plane extending through the brain?

Transverse plane - because there’s a top & bottom

In the provided body cavities figure, which letter indicates the cavity that contains the urinary bladder?

H

which letter indicates the right inguinal (iliac) region?

G

which letter indicates the right hypochondriac region?

A

Which noninvasive diagnostic technique involves examining THE SURFACE of a patient's skin for the presence of a rash?

(Let me check it out)

Inspection

Which subspecialty of physiology addresses the pharmacology, chemistry, and physiology OF NERVOUS TISSUE?

( a Super phone our brain uses)

Neurophysiology -the study of how the nervous system—including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves—actually works and communicates

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the effects of hormones in the control of reproduction?

(Endocrine system)

Endocrinology - study of helpers inside your body/hormones that tell you how to grow, sleep, and feel.

If the doctor listens to a gurgling noise within the gastrointestinal tract, what diagnostic technique is he performing?

(He’s LISTENING INSIDE of your body)

Auscultation

If someone receives CPR, compressions will be performed on which anatomical area?

Sternal area

From which anatomical marking at the front of the elbow is blood often drawn?

Antecubital

What anatomical term refers to the outer ear region involved in swimmer's ear?

( OrejaTapada)

Otic- outer canal ear infections usually caused by trapped water

What anatomical terms refer to the big toe and thumb, respectively?

Thumb- face PULLS thumb faces you

Big toe- dogs HOWL LESS

BIG TOE: Hallux

THUMB; pollex

What physical structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

Diaphragm

Inside which anatomical region is the pericardial cavity located?

( its in the MIDDLE of the body. Inside your chest)

Mediastinum

Which anatomical cavity contains the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, and the duodenum?

Retroperitoneal cavity

Which organ contains the CONTROL CENTER for the feedback system that regulates blood pressure?

Brain

What are the structural levels of the body ordered from simplest to most complex?

( ch, c, t, o, os, human)

Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level

Which structures or regions can be clearly seen when viewing the posterior (BACK) side of an individual standing in standard anatomical position?

JUST FOUR MAIN REGIONS.

Shoulder blade (BACK), plantar surface of foot, popliteal region of the knee, and gluteal region

Mammography and bone densitometry are examples of which medical imaging technique?

(Think X-rays, mri , RADIOLOGY but in a graph )

Low-dose radiography

Through which medical imaging technique are mothers able to visualize a fetus during pregnancy?

(“Oh its my first…appointment today”)

Ultrasound scanning

What is the correct sequential order of events in a feedback loop?

Smart, Robots, Can, Eat, Radishes

1. Stimulus- the change/issue

2. Receptors - notice the change/issue and tell control center

3. Control center - comes up with a solution and tells effectors to do it

4. Effectors - they fix the change/issue

5. Response- the results

When partially digested protein in the stomach triggers the secretion of more HCl and pepsin (something to speed up), making digestion self-accelerating, what feedback mechanism is demonstrated?

(The “MORE” button)

Positive feedback- when your body calls for more help to finish the job

What is the smallest unit of life in the human body?

(It comes before a tissue is made)

Cell