Anatomy Lab Lower Extremities

What muscle originates in the anterior superior iliac spine?

sartorius

What muscle originates in the anterior inferior iliac spine?

rectus femoris

What muscle passes through the greater sciatic notch?

piriformis muscle

What muscles originate in the ischial tuberosity?

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, long head of the biceps femoris, and hamstring of the adductor magnus

What is the acetabulum?

the articular surface of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur

What passes through the obturator foramen?

obturator artery, vein, and nerve

What attaches at the fovea of the femur?

the ligament of the femur’s head

What muscle inserts at the greater trochanter?

gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

What muscle originates at the greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity and linea aspera?

vastus lateralis

What muscles insert at the lesser trochanter?

psoas major and iliacus muscles

What muscle inserts at the gluteal tuberosity?

gluteus maximus

What muscles originate at the linea aspera?

vastus lateralis, castus medialis and short head of biceps femoris

What muscles insert at the linea aspera?

adductor longus, adductor brevis, and hamstring of the adductor magnus

What ligament attaches to the medial epicondyle?

Medial collateral ligament (MCL)

What ligament attaches at the lateral epicondyle?

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

What ligaments attach at the intercondylar fossa?

cruciate ligaments of the knee

What muscle inserts at the tibial tuberosity?

quadricep muscle group

What inserts at Gerdy’s tubercle?

iliotibial tract (IT Band)

What muscles insert at the Pes anserine insertion?

semitendinosus, sartorius, and gracilis

What attaches at the medial malleolus of the tibia?

ligaments of the talocrural joint

What innervates the gluteus maximus muscle?

Inferior gluteal nerve

What does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

Where does the gluteus maximus muscle insert?

Iliotibial tract at the gluteal tuberosity of the femur

What are the actions of the gluteus maximus muscle?

extension, lateral rotation, and abduction

Where does the gluteus medius muscle insert?

at the greater trochanter of femur

Where does the gluteus minimus muscle insert?

inserts at the greater trochanter of femur

What are the actions of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscle?

abduction and medial rotation of the hip

What are the lateral rotators of the hip?

Piriformis, quadratus femoris, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, obturator internus, and obturator externus

What innervates the long head of the biceps femoris muscle?

tibial division of the sciatic nerve

What innervates the short head of the bicep femoris muscle?

common fibular division of the sciatic nerve

Where does the biceps femoris muscle insert?

head of fibula

Where does the long head of the bicep femoris muscle originate?

ischial tuberosity

Where does the short head of the bicep femoris muscle originate?

linea aspera

What are the actions of the long and short head of the biceps femoris?

flexion and lateral rotation of the knee

What is the action reserved for only the long head of the biceps femoris muscle?

extension of the hip

What are the posterior thigh muscles?

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles

What is the action of the semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles?

hip extension and knee flexion as well as medial rotation of the knee

Where does the semimembranosus muscle originate?

originates at the ischial tuberosity

Where does the semitendinosus muscle originate and insert?

Originates at the ischial tuberosity and inserts at the pes anserine insertion

What innervates both the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles?

tibial division of sciatic nerve

What are the muscles of the anterior thigh?

Psoas major, iliacus, sartorius, quadriceps

What are the muscles of the quadriceps?

rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis

What is the action of both the psoas major and iliacus muscle?

hip flexion

Where does the psoas major muscle insert?

inserts at the lesser trochanter

Where does the iliacus muscle insert?

at the lesser trochanter

What are the actions of the sartorius muscle?

hip flexion, abduction and lateral rotation. knee flexion and medial rotation

Where does the sartorius muscle originate and insert?

originates at the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and inserts at the pes anserine insertion

What are the actions of the rectus femoris muscle of the quadricep?

hip flexion and knee extension

What are the actions of the vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis of the quadriceps?

knee extension

What muscles does the femoral nerve innervate?

Iliacus, sartorius and all of the quadriceps

Where do the muscles of the quadriceps insert?

Quadriceps tendon to patella and then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Where does the vastus lateralis muscle originate?

greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosis, and linea aspera

Where does the vastus medialis muscle originate?

linea aspera

Where does the rectus femoris muscle originate?

anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

What are the muscles of the medial thigh?

Gracilis, adductor brevis, adductor longus, pectineus, adductor magnus

What muscles does the obturator nerve innervate?

gracilis, adductor brevis and adductor longus

What are the actions of the gracilis muscle?

hip adduction and medial rotation, knee flexion and medial rotation

What are the actions of the adductor brevis, adductor longus, and pectineus muscles?

Adduction, medial rotation, and flexion of hip

What are the actions of the adductor magnus muscle?

• adductor part: adduction, medial rotation, and hip flexion

• hamstring part: extension and lateral rotation of the hip

Where does the gracilis muscle insert?

at the pes anserine insertion

where does the adductor brevis muscle insert?

inserts at the linea aspera of femur

Where does the adductor longus muscle insert?

at the linea aspera of femur

Where does the pectineus muscle insert?

at the pectineal line of femur

Where does the adductor magnus originate and insert?

originates at the inferior ramus of pubis and ischial tuberosity inserts at the linea aspera and adductor tubercle

What is the pectineus muscle innervated by?

femoral nerve and obturator nerve

What innervates the adductor portion of the adductor magnus?

obturator nerve

What innervates the hamstring portion of the adductor magnus?

tibial division of sciatic nerve

What is the lateral thigh muscle?

tensor fasciae latae

What are the actions of the tensor fasciae latae?

flexion, abduction, and ledial rotation of the hip

Where does the tensor fasciae latae muscle insert?

at the iliotibial tract

What is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?

tensor fasciae latae

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius, and tibialis anterior

What innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment?

deep fibular nerve

What are the actions of the extensor digitorum longus muscle?

extends MTP, PIP, and DIP of toes 2-5; dorsiflexes and everts ankle

What are the actions of the extensor hallucis longus muscle?

extends MTP and IP of great toe; dorsiflexes and inverts ankle

What are the actions of the fibularis tertius?

dorsiflexion and weak eversion of ankle

What are the actions of the tibialis anterior muscle?

dorsiflexion and inversion of ankle

What are the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment?

gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris

What does the tibial nerve innervate?

Muscles of the superficial and deep posterior compartment

What are the posterior compartment muscles of the leg?

gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor digitorum, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior, and popliteus

What are the actions of the gastrocnemius muscle?

flexion of the knee and plantar flexion of ankle

Where do the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles insert? What do they form?

They insert at the calcaneus and form achilles tendon

What is the action of the soleus muscle?

plantar ankle flexion

What are the actions of the plantaris muscle?

weak knee flexion and weak ankle plantor flexion

What are the actions of the flexor digitorum longus?

plantar flexes and weakly inverts ankle; flexes MTP, PIP, and DIP of toes 2-5

What are the actions of the flexor hallucis longus muscle?

plantar flexes and weakly inverts ankle; flexes MTP and IP of great toe

What are the actions of the tibialis posterior?

plantar flexion and inversion of ankle

What are the actions of the popliteus muscle?

medially rotates tibia and flexes knee

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment?

fibularis longus and fibulais brevis

What innervates the muscles of the lateral compartment of the thigh?

superficial fibular nerve

What are the actions of the lateral compartment muscles of the leg?

ankle eversion and assisting plantar flexion

Where does the fibularis brevis muscle insert?

base of 5th metatarsal

What are the muscles of the dorsal surface of the foot? What innervates them?

extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis innervated by the deep fibular nerve

What is the action of the extensor hallucis brevis?

extends MTP of great toe

What is the action of the extensor digitorum brevis?

extension of MTP and IP joints of toes 2-4

What are the muscles of the plantar surface of the foot?

Adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis, dorsal inerossei, plantar interossei, abductor digiti minimi, quadratus plantae, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, and lumbricals

What muscles does the lateral plantar nerve innervate?

quadratus plantae, abductor digiti minimi, plantar interossei, dorsal interossei, flexor digiti minimi brevis, and adductor hallucis

What muscles does the medial plantar nerve innervate?

flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis and flexor hallucis brevis

What innervates the lumbricals muscle?

1st = medial plantar nerve; 2nd - 4th = lateral plantar nerve