entpath disease 7: Beech bark disease and beech leaf disease

"Beech scale insect" is close kin to...

H.W.A.

how does beech bark disease fungus enter the tree?

beech scale feeds on tree, creating fissures in the bark.

What does the beech bark disease fungus do once it enters the tree?

kill the inner bark tissue, forming cankers which can girdle the tree.

What are the 3 phases of Beech bark disease?

advancing front, killing front, aftermath forest.

What is the advancing front of beech bark disease?

occurs when the beech scale has invaded a stand of beech trees, but the fungi is not yet present.

What is the killing front of beech back disease?

characterized by high levels of beech scale and fungi, leading to high mortality of beech trees.

what is the aftermath forest of beech bark diease?

low levels of beech scale and fungi, small deformed beech trees remain.

beech snap

beech bark disease can lead to girdling, causing the stem to break.

What causes beech leaf disease?

nematode

What is damaging about beech leaf disease?

causes the leaves to die and can kill the tree.

What is the main culprit for how the nematodes are spread?

wind

What happens to the leaves of a beech tree when hit by beech leaf disease?

causes discoloration and a thickening between the veins of the leaves.

what time of the year do nematodes migrate to newly formed buds?

summer and early fall

Where do nematodes spend their fall and winter?

in the bud scales at the end of the twig, feeding on bud tissue and laying eggs.