Isabel's ARC 134 Buildings

Forbidden City

Beijing, China

Ming Dynasty

(1406-1420)

Meridian Gate

Forbidden City, Beijing

(early 15th century)

Hall of Supreme Harmony

Forbidden City

Forbidden City layout (North to South)

N (inner court)

palace of earthy tranquility

hall of union

palace of heavenly purity

(outer court)

hall of perserving harmony

hall of central harmony

hall of supreme harmony

(gates)

gate of supreme harmony

meridian gate

S

sparrow braces

usually decorative and carved joints that connect horizontal beams and columns

utopia

book by Thomas Moore

1516

“no good place”

describes an ideal society, but has contradictions; includes slavery

Dana Arnold

argues that history is largely shaped by the narratives and perspectives of historians, cannot be objective

periodization, divisons that organize info but not solid boundaries

primary archive

the building itself

secondary archive

documents and representations of a building

timber frame construction

columns, beams, and brackets

modular

supports roof, walls primarily close instead of loadbearing

dougong

interocking wooden brackets that transfer roof load to beams and columns

Renaissance

period that sparked a greater interest in systematically understanding the past

birth of humansim

italy 1300 to 1600

spoila

recycled material (stones, columns, sculptures) used in new construction

Ottoman Renaissance

sultans

mosques

Florence Renaissance

wealthy familys and patrons

palazzi, churches

Rome Renaissance

popes

churches, monumental reconstruction

Hagia Sophia

Istanbul, Turkey

(532-537)

Fatih Camii

Istanbul, Turkey

(1463-1470)

Suleymaniye Mosque

Istanbul, Turkey

(1557)

Suleymaniye Mosque Layout

1,2,7,8: general madrasas

3: hospice

4: public kitchen

5: hospital

6: medical school

9: school of hadith

Santa Maria del Fiore

Florence

Filippo Brunelleschi

(1296)

dome, double shell construction and ribs

inner shell = lighter bricks

outer shell = heavier materials

longitudinal nave

Baptistery of San Giovanni

Florence

(1059)

Palazzo Vecchio

Florence

Arnolfo di Cambio

(1299)

Uffizi

Florence

Giorgio Vasari

(1560)

Corridoio Vasariano

Florence

Giorgio Vasari

(1564)

Palazzo Pitti

Florence

Brunelleschi

(1458)

horizontal facade

rustication

repetition

Palazzo Medici-Riccardi

Florence

Michelozzo

(1440s)

rustification on 1st floor, smoother higher up

prominent cornice

biforium windows

enfilade

Palazzo Rucellai

Florence

Leon Battista Alberti

(1453-1460)

pilasters used to define 3 stories

horizontal entablatures

Palazzo della Canceleria

Rome

Bramante

(1489-1513)

Santa Maria presso San Satiro

Milan

Bramante

(1472-1482)

illusionist perspective

made a shallow area seem deeper than it is

Tempietto

Rome

Bramante

(1501-1502)

central plan

circular enclosure, surrounded by columns

interest in classical past

New St. Peter’s Basilica

Rome

Bramante, michelangelo

(1626)

Piazza del Campidoglio

Rome

Michelangelo

(1540-1655)

Villa Rotonda

Vicenza

Palladio

(1565)

Synagoge of Santa Maria Blanca

Toledo

synagoge converted to a christian church

(12th century)

Alhambra

Granada

(889-1958)

Palace of Charles V

Granada (beside Alhambra)

Pedro Machuca

(1533-1637)

circle inside square

2 levels of colonades (doric below, ionic above)

imperial palace = new royal architectural presence

El Escorial

Juan Batista de Toledo

(1563-1584)

church, monastery, college, royal tombs

royal residence and religious space

Plaza Mayor

Juan de Herrera

(1590)

Madrid

Rectangular urban plaza

ground floor arcades

formal civic space

Tenochtitlan

(1325-1521)

Templo Mayor

Tenochtitlan

(1521)

principal ceremonial temple

stepped pyramid with 2 shrines for huitzilopochtili and tlaloc

Louvre

Pierre Lescot

Paris

(1546)

Place Royale

Paris

(1605)

square organized around enclosed open space

unified public space

Hotel Particulier

porte cochere, cour d’honneur, corps de logis

how arch organizes relationships in an elite household

Louvre East Facade

Paris (1667)

Louis Le Vau, Le Brun, Perrault

paired corinthian columns

monumental colonade

central pediment

symmetrical, horizontal classical composition

Chateau de Versailles

Paris

(1661)

Louis Le Vau, Mansart, Notre

relationship btwn palace and landscape

long axes

garden facade vs city facade

hall of mirrors, hall of battles, chapel, opera

Edo Castle

Edo, Japan

political center for tokugawa shogunate

tenshu

moats, defensive walls, tiered roofs

Kabuki theaters

edo

(1778)

entertainment center

architecture as theatrical experience

Katsura Imperial Villa

kyoto

(1620-1658)

villa is organized around a central pond

St. Peter’s square

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Rome

(1656-1667)

piazza retta = trapezoid

piazza obliqua = oval

Scala Regia

Bernini

Rome

(1663-1666)

stairacses with narrowing passage, converging columns, forced perspective to exxagerate depth; illusion

Cornaro Chapel

Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

Rome

Gian Lorenzo Berini

Il Gesu

Giacomo Vignola

Giacomo della Porta

Rome

(1568-1576)

San Carlino

Borromini

Rome

(1634)

undulating facade

oval dome with octogans

St. Ivo alla Sapienza

Borromini

Rome

(1640s)

spiral staircase, ribs, spiral lantern

S Ignazio

Orazio Grassi and Carlo Maderno

Rome

(1626-1650)

San Lorenzo

Guarini

Turin, Italy

(1668-1680)

star-like dome

St. Paul’s Cathedral

Chrsitopher Wren

London

(1675)

Karlskirche

Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach

Vienna

(1716)

central dome, classical temple-like portico, 2 towers

Wurzburg residenz

Johann Balthsar Neumann

Wuzburg, Germany

(1744)

Vierzehnheiligen

Johann Balthsar Neumann

Bamberg, Germany

(1744)

Xiyanglou

Giuseppe Castiglione and Michel Benoist

Beijing

(1744-1772)

“chinese versailles”

Sans Souci

Potsdam, Prussia

Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff

(1745-1747)

Gesamtkstwerk; multiole art forms used in one thing

Panopticon

Jeremy Bentham

(1791)

arranged around central obersevation point

surrveillance and discipline

Soufflot’s pantheon

paris

Soufflot

(1757)

classical tenple portico, dome

french revolution

same form, different political meaning

Cenotaph for Isaac Newton

Etienne-Louis Boullee

(unbuilt proposal)

(1784)

scale, perseption, large geometries

National Library

Etienne-Louis Boullee

(proposal for expansion)

(1785)

barrel-vaulted reading hall

Oikema

Claude-Nicolaus Ledoux

Chaux

pleasure house shaped like…

architecture parlante; communicates arch form

Royal Saltworks (Saline Royale)

Claude-Nicolaus Ledoux

France

(1775)

semicircular industrial complex

prominent director’s house

University of Virginia

Thomas Jefferson

Virginia

(1822)

classical, enlightenment

Oglethorpe plan

Oglethorpe

Savannah, GA

(1733)

trust lots, tything lots, central square

Villa Rotonda

Vicenza

Palladio

(1565)

centralized plan

four temple-front portico

Somerset House

William Chambers

London

(1776)

Kedleston Hall

James Paine and Robert Adam

England

(1760s)

Government House

Charles Wyatt

Calcutta

(1799)

neoclassical colonial residence

symmetrical plan

imperial architecture

plan looks like branch