Pancreatic (Insulin) Disorders

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

A chronic condition where the pancreas produces little or no insulin due to autoimmune destruction of beta cells. This results in high blood glucose levels and requires external insulin administration for management.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

A chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose), often characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.

Gestational diabetes

A form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy, typically resolving after childbirth. It is characterized by high blood glucose levels and can pose risks to both the mother and the baby.

Prediabetes

A metabolic condition characterized by higher than normal blood sugar levels, but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as Type 2 diabetes. It often indicates an increased risk for developing Type 2 diabetes.

Hypoglycaemia

A condition resulting from abnormally low blood sugar levels, which can cause symptoms such as dizziness, confusion, and sweating. It can occur in diabetics due to excessive insulin or inadequate food intake.

Hyperglycaemia

A condition characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood, often resulting from insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance. It can lead to serious health complications if left untreated.

Insulinoma

A rare tumor of the pancreas that produces excess insulin, leading to hypoglycemia. Insulinomas are typically benign and may cause symptoms related to low blood sugar.

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A serious complication of diabetes characterized by high levels of ketones in the blood due to insufficient insulin. It can lead to metabolic acidosis and requires immediate medical attention.

Hyperinsulinemia

A condition characterized by excess insulin in the blood, often leading to hypoglycaemia and various metabolic disturbances.

Glucagonoma

A rare tumour of the pancreas that secretes glucagon, often leading to hyperglycaemia and unique skin rashes.