UCSP L5

Becoming Human in Society

Socialization

The lifelong social experience by which individuals develop their human potential and learn patterns of their culture.

Socialization

The process of social interaction through which people acquire a personality and learn the way of life of their society

Learning process, culturally bound concept, life-long process

Features of Socialization

Family, mass media, religion, peer group, school, and government

Agents of Socialization

Primary, secondary, and resocialization

Three types of Socialization

PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION

First socialization an individual undergoes in childhood through which he/she imbibes the values, traditions, etc. of society and through which he becomes a member of society

PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION

Typically in our family of orientation the family an individual is born into or grows up in

SECONDARY SOCIALIZATION

Any subsequent process that inducts an already socialized individual into new sectors of the objective world of society

SECONDARY SOCIALIZATION

Usually in schools, religion, companies, peer groups, social associations or in our family of procreation – family that is created when a couple has children

RESOCIALIZATION

Completely challenge what is taught in the primary and secondary socialization

RESOCIALIZATION

Efforts to radically change an individual’s personality by carefully controlling the environment. Usually through religious conversion, political transformation

Total Institutions

A setting in which people are isolated from the rest of the society and manipulated by an administrative staff

Gender Socialization

Process by which society molds men and women according to its definitions of masculinity and femininity

Hex

biological fact of being male or female as determined by nimlay chromosomes and is virtually unchangeable

Gender

what is recognized as masculine or feminine by a nimlod social world; social psychological construction

Gender Identity

refers to whether one considers himself/herself as male or female

Gender roles

culturally defined set of behaviors that are considered appropriate for each sex in a society

Sexuality

preferred sexual relations e.g. homosexuals, heterosexuals, bisexuals

LGBTQIA+

Lesbians, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning, Intersex, Asexual or Ally, +Non-Heterosexual People

• See how we developed our own sense of self and exactly how personalities take shape.

• Fills in any missing pieces.

• Builds the foundation of personality.

Effects of Socialization

Behaviorism ( BF. Skinner)

Most of who or what we are as a species is learned, or social in nature. External factors are extremely influential

CLASSICAL BEHAVIORISM (Pavlov)

Behavior is learned through associations between stimuli and responses

CLASSICAL BEHAVIORISM (Pavlov)

In the experiment, dogs were conditioned to associate the sound of a bell with food, leading them to salivate at the sound alone.

CLASSICAL BEHAVIORISM (Pavlov)

A child associates the sound of the ice cream truck with getting ice cream, causing excitement when they hear the truck

OPERANT BEHAVIORISM (Skinner)

Behavior is shaped by consequences, such as rewards and punishments. Positive outcomes reinforce behavior, while negative outcomes discourage it.

OPERANT BEHAVIORISM (Skinner)

A student studies hard because they receive praise or good grades. If they are scolded for not studying, they are less likely to skip studying in the future.

Social Learning (Bandura)

Behavior is learned through observation and imitation of others. People learn not only through their own experiences but also by watching others and modeling their actions.

Social Learning (Bandura)

A child learns aggressive behavior after watching a violent movie or learns prosocial behavior by observing kind acts

Cognitive Behavioral Theory (Beck)

This theory suggests that our thoughts influence our feelings and behaviors. Changing negative thinking patterns can lead to changes in behavior.

Cognitive Behavioral Theory (Beck)

A person who believes they will fail in school may stop trying, whereas changing their belief to “I can succeed if I work hard” can lead to increased effort and better results.

Norms

Norms are shared rules or expectations in a group or society that guide how people should think, feel, and behave in specific situations

Norms

They tell individuals what is considered acceptable or unacceptable behavior within their community.

Folkways

Norms that are not strictly enforced (deals with customs or etiquette)

Mores

Norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought to be essential core values

Taboo

Norms so strong that even the thought of it is greeted with revulsion

Laws

Formal norms written or codified standards with consequences

Enculturation

The gradual acquisition of the characteristics and norms of a culture or group by a person, another group, etc.

Socialization

We LEARN the norms, customs, values, and roles of the society, from birth through death.

Socialization

Acquisition of KNOWLEDGE

Enculturation

We learn the requirements of our surrounding culture and ACQUIRE the behaviors and values appropriate for the culture.

Enculturation

Acquisition of CULTURE