Language Development Test 2

True or false: Infants are active learners who influence and even shape their environments and begin communicating from the moment of birth.

True

Prelocutionary Stage

Parents are interpreting the infants unintentional behaviors and responding to them

True or False: Unintentional communication continues during the illocutionary stage

False- Intentional communication

Locutionary stage

Between 10-15 months, children transitions to which stage

During the locutionary stage which combine vocalizations and gesture for which purposes

Request, Demand, and comment/rejections

Initially, as children learn a new word, they connect the word to their interactions or experience with that word to understand it, referred to as

Fast mapping

As they interact and learn more about the word, they develop a more sophisticated understaffing of it by adding more semantic feature which is know as

Slow mapping or extended mapping

List three pragmatic skills that can be expected from preschool aged children

Asking for clarification, staying on topic during conversations, and understanding and use of politeness rules.

Vocabulary becomes more complex and specified

Semantics

"Writing demands the use of more complex syntactic and semantic features"

Syntax, morphology, and semantics

Including the use of figurative language

Semantics

The growing importance of peers and peer groups demands sophisticated communication skills

Pragmatics

List four examples of figurative language

metaphors, idioms, jokes, proverbs

What does metalinguistic ability enable the child to do?

It enables the child to go beyond language use and to think about language, they are able to describe and discuss why they ar using language.

Example of metalinguistic ability

They can now identify nouns and verbs and explain that the noun comes before the verb in a sentence

In order for children to identify which sounds go with each letter of a word, the must first learn to identify the sounds in the word, which is ______ and then learn to match these sounds to letters, which is ________

Phonemic awareness, phonics

Phonemic awareness involves dividing words into sounds, to become aware of rhyme and to count the number of sounds in a word. Children with poor phonological awareness skills have difficulty _____

Identifying the sounds within a word

Poor phonological awareness skills lead to

Poor word recognition and poor comprehension

Recognizing individual sounds in words

Phoneme isolation

Example of phoneme isolation

First sound in cat- /c/

Last sound in cat- /t/

Middle sound in cat- /a/

Recognizing common sounds in different words

Phoneme identity

Example of phoneme identity

First sound in bike, boy. Common sound in bike, boy. Later adding three or four words to string.

Two recommendations offered for enhancing the language learning environment

1. Arrange the physical setting to promote talk. - Tables facing each other and switching out through out the year

2. Provide opportunities for children to interact and use language as they learn.- Structure conversations around academic tasks

Practices and one specific activity that incorporates language in a preschool setting

1. Circle time- name recognition and word recognition in songs

2. Closing circle- Recall and discuss experiences of the day

Ways to manipulate the environment to encourage and promote language usage

1. Interesting materials- align with students interests and rotate materials

2. Place items out of reach- prompts/expect student request