Reconstruction

Abraham Lincoln

became the United States 16th president in 1861

Andrew Johnson

he 17th president of the United States, replaced Lincoln after his death.

Ulysses S. Grant

an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877).

Edwin Stanton

Secretary of War appointed by Lincoln. 

Alexander Stephens

He was the vice-president of the Confederacy until 1865 when it was defeated and destroyed by the Union. 

Booker T. Washington

proponent of gradual gain of equal rights for African-Americans

Ida Wells

African American who led the fight against lynching

George Washington Carver

a scientist who discovered many new uses for peanuts and other southern crop

W. E. B. DuBois

 Co-founded the NAACP to help secure legal equality for minority citizens.

Reconstruction

he period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

Supermajority

any majority that is larger than a simple majority, such as three-fifths, two-thirds, or three-fourths

Freedman’s Bureau

provided: food, clothing, jobs, medical care, and schools for former slaves and poor whites

Tenure of Office Act

 required the president to seek approval from the Senate before removing appointees.

KKK

Ku Klux Klan--Against Blacks, Jews, Catholics. Used terror to control them

13th Amendment

abolished slavery

14th Amendment

 Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

15th Amendment

States cannot deny any person the right to vote because of race.

Amnesty

a padron to a group of people

Disenfranchisement

Denial of the right to vote

Scalawags

 Southern whites who supported Republican policy through reconstruction

Poll tax

 A tax of a fixed amount per person and payable as a requirement for the right to vote

Segregation

 Separation of alleles during gamete formation

Jim Crow Laws

 Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses, and poll taxes limited black voting rights

Lost Cause

A romanticized view of slavery, the Old South, and the Confederacy that arose in the decades following the Civil War.

Sharecropping

 a tenant farmer who gives a part of each crop as rent.

Tammany Hall

Political machine in New York, headed by Boss Tweed.

Solid South

A term used to describe the tendency of the southern states to vote Democratic after the Civil War.

Exacerbate

to make worse or more severe

Lynching

putting to death a person by the illegal action of a mob

Hiram Revels

The first African American to serve in the U.S. Congress.

Frederick Douglass

 Escaped slave and great black abolitionist who fought to end slavery through political action

Lincoln’s Plan

Reconstruction plan that required 10% of the population to swear loyalty; granted amnesty to all Southerners except Confederate leaders; required a new Constitution

Johnson’s Plan

 Amnesty for those taking an oath of loyalty to the union; Required states to abolish slavery

Military Reconstruction Act

divided the former Confederacy into five districts

explain johnsons plan

reintegrate southern states into the union by offering amnesty to most southerners and requring them to abolish slavery, but it allowed former confederates to regain power and failed to protect the rights of freed african americans

explain lincolns plan

a lenient and quick reintegration of southern states into the union. it required that 10% of voters to accept the abolition of slavery. the state could from a new government and rejoin the union. it focused on reconciliation and healing rather than punishment