Matter & Energy I (Mid-Term Review).

What is the thermodynamic cycle and thermodynamic process? How are they different?

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

What are the four processes, and what variable(s) remain constant in each process?

What is a “path” in thermodynamics terms

What do “path dependent” and “state dependent” mean? What are their difference?

What do “path function” and “state function” mean?

Which variables are path dependent?

Which variables are state dependent?

What is the primary formula for calculating heat (Q)?

What is the difference between Cv and Cp, and how are each calculated?

What major assumptions does the first law of thermodynamics make?

Page 22 of the 2nd slide in Thermo. module.

What are the two indicators that show an adiabatic process takes place?

What is the formula for internal energy that applies to any process

What is internal energy (u) a function of?

Generally speaking, what are the two statements of the 2nd law of thermodynamics?

What is the formula for the change in entropy (S) of a system?

(Change in. S) = Q/T (T = temperature at which process occurs).

What are the similarities and differences between a reversable and irreversable process?

True or False: It’s possible for the entropy of the universe to decrease.

False, entropy can either have no change (reversible process) or increases (irreversible process).

How do you calculate heat (Q) in a isochoric process?

Q = nCv(change in.)T

How to calculate heat (Q) in a isobaric process?

Q = nCp(change in.)T

What is the difference between Cv and Cp?

Cv is used for Isochoric processes, while Cp is used for Isobaric processes

What is the difference between the Cv and Cp value for each type of gas (monoatoimc, diatomic, and polyatomic)?

There is a difference of 1R. Cv For Monoatomic gases, Cv equals 3/2 R, and Cp = 5/2 R. Each addition of 1 R to these values results in the Cv or Cp for the next atomic gas (i.e. Cv or Cp (Monoatomic) + 1 R = Cv or Cp (Diatomic), same relationship with a diatomic and a polyatomic gas).

A system experices no heat transfer (adiabatic process) when it is ___.

“well insulated” or undergoes “free expansion” or “unrestricted expansion”

When does the change in internal energy (U) equal zero?