Business Finance and Market Conditions Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering key business terms from the lecture on income, expenditure, market conditions, financial performance, cashflow, and exchange rates.

Income

Money received by a business from its sales, services, or other commercial operations.

Budget

A financial plan estimating expected income and expenditures that a business owner manages over a specific period, such as monthly.

Expenditure

The total funds spent or paid out by a company to conduct business activities, marketing, and operations.

Sales Figures

The recorded data and metrics that measure the quantity or value of products and services sold by a company over time.

Upturn in the Market

A period of improving economic conditions, expanding commercial activity, or rising demand within a particular industry.

Economic Downturn

A general decline or contraction in overall economic performance that creates challenging conditions for businesses.

Peak in Popularity

The point at which a product or service achieves its highest level of customer demand, market adoption, or fame.

Undercut Competitors

The practice of offering goods or services at lower prices than competing businesses in the same market.

Overheads

Ongoing, regular operational expenses that a company must pay every month regardless of sales or production levels.

Make a Loss

A financial outcome in which a company's total expenditures exceed its total income over a given period.

Go Out of Business

To cease all operations and permanently close a business due to financial insolvency or unviability.

Break Even

To reach the operational state where total revenues match total costs, resulting in neither a profit nor a loss.

Profit

The positive financial gain earned when a company's total revenues surpass its total costs and expenditures.

Cashflow

The net movement of money being transferred into and out of a business, essential for meeting immediate operational needs.

Invoice

A formal billing document issued to a customer detailing goods or services delivered and requesting timely payment.

Overdraft

A credit facility provided by a bank that permits an account holder to draw more funds than the account balance contains to cover temporary financial shortfalls.

Debt

An obligation or amount of money borrowed by a business owner or company that must be repaid.

Accounts

The financial records and ledgers maintained by a company to track transactions, revenues, and expenditures.

Exchange Rate

The price or value of one national currency expressed in terms of another currency in international business.

Rupiah

The official currency of Indonesia, whose fluctuating value relative to foreign currencies like the US dollar directly impacts import costs.