chem chapters 4 & 5

energy level

a specific amount of energy an electron can have in an atom

orbital

a region around the nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found

valence electron

an electron in the outermost energy level of an atom

electron configuration

the arrangement of electrons in an atom’s energy levels and orbitals

actinide

an element in the bottom row of the periodic table, usually with atomic numbers 89-103

lanthanide

an element in the top row of the two separated rows at the bottom of the periodic table

alkali metal

an element in group 1 that is very reactive and has one valence electron

alkaline earth metals

elements in group 2 that are reactive and have 2 valence electrons

cation

a positively charged ion

isoelectronic series

a group of atoms or ions that have the same number of electrons

core electron

an electron that is not in the outermost energy level

bohr model

a model of the atom where electrons move around the nucleus in specific energy levels

halogen

an element in group 17 that is very reactive and has 7 valence electrons

atomic radius

the distance from an atom’s nucleus to its outermost electrons

ionization energy

the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom

electronegativity

an atom’s ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond

transition element

an element in groups 3-12 that has a partially filled d orbital

main-group element

an element in groups 1, 2, or 13-18 of the periodic table

anion

a negatively charged ion

electrostatic force

the attraction or repulsion between electrically charged particles